Ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kwimizi-mveliso yokucoca kunye nezithambiso, i-surfactants zikwasetyenziswa njengezincedisi okanye izongezo kumashishini emveli anjengokutya, ubisi, ukwenza iphepha, isikhumba, iglasi, i-petroleum, imicu yeekhemikhali, amalaphu, ukuprinta kunye nokudaya, ukupeyinta, iplatifti, iplatifti, iplatifti, iplatifti, iplatifti, ifilimu, ukusetyenzwa kwesinyithi, ukusetyenzwa kwesinyithi, iiminerali, ukusetyenzwa kwesinyithi. ukucoca, ukwakhiwa, kunye namasimi obugcisa obuphezulu. Nangona zihlala zingeyiyo eyona nto iphambili kwimveliso yeshishini, banokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekongezeni ukugqiba ukuveliswa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kungekukhulu, kunokudlala indima ephambili ekwandiseni iindidi zemveliso, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa, ukonga amandla, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho.

 

1, Ukusetyenziswa kweIi-surfactantskuShishino loMqhaphu

Ii-surfactants zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lelaphu. Kumanyathelo ohlukeneyo okulungisa amalaphu anje ngokusonta, ukusonta, ukulinganisa, ukuluka okanye ukunitha, ukusulungekiswa (ukujikwa), ukudaya, ukuprinta, kunye nokugqibezela, ii-surfactants okanye ii-surfactants njengezongezo eziphambili kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukwenza lula iinkqubo, ukuphucula ukusebenza, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo,ii-surfactantszisetyenziswa njengezokucoca, ii-agent zokumanzisa, ii-arhente zokungena, ii-emulsifiers, i-solubilizers, i-ejenti ezinogwebu, i-defoamers, i-ejenti yokugudisa, i-dispersants, i-agents yokulinganisa, ii-retarders zokudaya, i-ejenti yokulungisa, i-ejenti yokusulungekisa, izithambiso, i-agent anti-static, i-arhente yokuthintela amanzi, i-disinfectants, njl. Nangona umlinganiselo wabo wokusebenzisa uye wehla ngokuthe ngcembe kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kusekukhulu xa kuthelekiswa namanye amacandelo oshishino. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-solubilizers, ii-detergents, ii-agent zokumanzisa, i-dispersants, i-emulsifiers, i-emulsifiers, i-ejenti yokucoca, izithambiso, i-anti-static agents, njl. I-Cationic surfactants, enokuthi ifake ngokuqinileyo kwilaphu ngenxa yentlawulo engalunganga yeentsinga, idla ngokusetyenziswa njengezithambisi zelaphu, ii-agent zokulinganisa, ii-agent ezithintela amanzi, i-anti-static agents, kunye ne-agent elungisa imibala; Ii-bipolar surfactants zidla ngokusetyenziswa njengeejenti zokulinganisa iidayi zetsimbi ezintsonkothileyo, izithambisi zelaphu, kunye nee-anti-static agents.

 

2, Ukusetyenziswa kwee-Surfactants kwi-Leather and Fur Industry

Inkqubo yokwenza ufele intsonkothile kwaye iyadika, ifuna amanyathelo amaninzi ukusuka eluswini olungenanto ukuya kulusu olugqityiweyo. Phambi kokwenziwa ulusu, umsebenzi wokulungiselela onjengokuntywiliselwa emanzini, ukuntywila eluthuthwini, ukuthambisa i-enzymatic, ukucwina iasidi, ukubola, kunye nokunciphisa umzimba kufuneka kwenziwe; Emva kolusu, ukudaya, ukuthambisa, kunye nokugqiba kuyafuneka. Zonke ezi nkqubo zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-surfactants njengezongezelelo zokukhuthaza imiphumo ye-physicochemical kunye neenkqubo zenkqubo nganye, ukunciphisa imijikelo yokuvelisa, ukuphucula umgangatho wesikhumba, kunye nokugcina izinto eziphathekayo zekhemikhali.

Ukusetyenzwa kweFur kukwafuna iinkqubo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukucwina, ukuthoba, ukuthambisa, ukuthambisa, ukuthambisa, ukudaya, ukuthambisa, kunye nokugqiba, zonke ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-surfactants njengezongezo. Ukwenziwa kwesikhumba kufuna ukususwa kweenwele zezilwanyana, ngelixa ukulungiswa koboya kufuna umonakalo omncinci kwisakhiwo sokuqala seenwele. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-surfactants kunokubonelela ngokhuseleko oluhle.

Imisebenzi ephambili yee-surfactants kwimveliso yesikhumba kunye nokulungiswa koboya kuku-solubilization, i-emulsification, ukumanzisa, ukutyhutyha, ukukhupha amagwebu, ukukhupha amagwebu, ukuhlamba, ukulinganisa, kunye nokulungiswa kombala. Kwinkqubo nganye, iimfuno zendima yayo ziyahluka. Umzekelo, ekuntywilisweni, kufunwa ikakhulu ukumanzisa kunye neziphumo zokungena; Kwi-degreasing, kufuneka ibe ne-emulsifying, ukumanzisa, kunye nemiphumo yokungena; Kwi-decontamination, kuyafuneka ukuba ube nesiphumo esihle sosolubilization; Kudingeka ukuba ube nokusabalalisa okulungileyo, ukungena kunye nefuthe le-foam ekudayeni; Kwinkqubo yokongeza amanqatha, kuyafuneka ukuba ube neempawu ezintle ze-emulsifying.

 

3. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-surfactants kwishishini lokugquma

Iingubo zibhekisela kwizinto zobunjineli ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kumphezulu wento ukwenza isambatho esinokukhusela, ukuhlobisa, okanye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Ipeyinti eyaziwayo eqhelekileyo luhlobo lokwaleka. Iingubo zinemisebenzi emininzi: kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, ifenitshala yokhuni, imboni yemihla ngemihla, njl., iingubo ezinemibala eqaqambileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuhlobisa, ezinokunika izinto ezintle kunye nokuphucula ixabiso labo lokuthengisa; Ukugquma izinto zokwakha, ukhuni, isinyithi, njl kunye neengubo zokukhusela, ukwandisa ukuqina, kunye nokuthintela ukubola; Ipeyinti isetyenziswa njengophawu lombala kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengophawu lwendlela, uphawu lwempahla eyingozi, njl. Iingubo ezinemixholo eyahlukeneyo zinokusebenza ngeenjongo ezizodwa ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngothintelo lomlilo, ukuxhathisa ukufuma, ukuthintela ukungunda, ukufihla, ukuguquka kombala, ukugquma, ukukhuselwa kwimitha, kunye nokuthintela ungcoliseko lwegesi.

Izinto zokwaleka zidla ngokubunjwa ziindidi ezine zemathiriyeli ekrwada: izinto ezenza ifilim, ii-pigments, izinyibilikisi, kunye nezongezo. I-substance-forming substance isisiseko sokuqulunqa iingubo; Ii-pigments ngokuqhelekileyo zizinto ezinemibala emihle ekwimo yomgubo; Ngaphandle kokutyabeka okunganyibilikiyo, iintlobo ngeentlobo zolwelo zogqume ziqulathe izinyibilikisi. Okwangoku, amacandelo asetyenziswa njengezinyibilikisi zokugquma ziquka amanzi, i-aliphatic hydrocarbons, i-aromatic hydrocarbons, i-alcohol, i-esters, i-ethers, i-ketones, i-terpenes, i-chlorinated organic compounds, njl. Izongezo zizinto ezincedisayo zokugquma, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zi-surfactants ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiingubo.

Ngokweempembelelo zabo kwiingubo, i-surfactants esetyenziswe kwiingubo zinokwahlulwa zibe zezi ntlobo zilandelayo: (1) i-defoamers, i-wetting agents, i-dispersants, i-emulsifiers, njl. ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa; (2) i-anti-caking agents, i-anti-setting agents, njl. ngexesha lenkqubo yokugcina ukutyabeka; (3) ukugquma ii-agent ezenza ifilim: ii-agent ezomisayo, ii-arhente zokunyanga, ii-agent zokulinganisa, ii-anti-sagging agents, njl.; (4) iiplasticizers, i-leveling agents, i-mold inhibitors, i-flame retardants, i-anti-static agents, i-UV absorbers, njl njl.

 

4. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-surfactants kwi-chemical catalysis

Ireyithi yazo naziphi na iikhemikhali isabela ngokusondeleyo kwiipropati zemeko-bume yokusabela kweekhemikhali. Kufunyaniswe ukuba ukongeza i-surfactants ethile kwinkqubo yokusabela eyenziwe ngamacandelo amabini anyibilika ngokulula emanzini nakwi-oyile inokunyusa kakhulu isantya sokusabela kweekhemikhali, kwaye esi siphumo sibizwa ngokuba yi-surface active catalysis. Inkqubo yokusabela kweekhemikhali eyenziwe ngabaxhasi be-surfactants ikakhulu ibandakanya i-micelle catalysis kunye ne-phase transfer catalysis, phakathi kwayo i-micelle catalysis inokufana ne-enzyme catalysis. Impembelelo ye-catalytic ye-surfactants kwi-organic reactions ngokubanzi kukholelwa ukuba inxulumene nokwakhiwa kwee-micelles, ezaziwa njenge-micelle catalysis.

 

 

5. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-surfactant kwi-enzyme catalyzed reaction in micro lotion

Ukongezwa kwee-surfactants kunokuphucula umsebenzi we-enzyme kwi-solvents ye-organic, ngokukodwa ebonakaliswe kule miba mithathu ilandelayo: (1) intloko ye-polarity yee-molecule ze-surfactant ibophelela ngokuqinileyo kwii-molecule ze-enzyme, ngaloo ndlela isasaza iamolekyu ze-enzyme kwisigaba se-organic kunye nokwandisa izinga lokungqubuzana phakathi kwee-molecule ze-enzyme kunye ne-substrates; (2) Umsila we-hydrophobic wee-molecule ze-surfactant unokutsala ngokufanelekileyo i-hydrophobic substrates kwizigaba eziphilayo, okwenza ukuba zifikeleleke ngokulula kwi-enzymes; (3) Ukuphepha ngokufanelekileyo ukuvinjelwa kwee-enzyme ngama-substrates kunye neemveliso. I-surfactants esetyenziselwa ukufunda i-enzyme catalytic reaction kwi-lotion encinci ngokubanzi i-anionic, i-cationic, i-amphoteric okanye i-non-ionic surfactants, njenge-sodium di - (2-ethylhexyl) succinate sulfonate (AOT), i-dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether (C12E4), i-ovodecylAB, i-ovodecylAB, njl.

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