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Intshayelelo kwii-Surfactants
I-surfactants ine-amphiphilic molecular structure: enye isiphelo sineqela le-hydrophilic, elibizwa ngokuba yintloko ye-hydrophilic, ngelixa esinye isiphelo sineqela le-hydrophobic, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumsila we-hydrophobic. Intloko ye-hydrophilic ivumela ii-surfactants ukuba zinyibilike emanzini ngendlela yazo ye-monomer.
Iqela le-hydrophilic lidla ngokuba liqela le-polar, elinokuba liqela le-carboxyl (-COOH), iqela le-sulfonic acid (-SO3H), iqela le-amino (-NH2), i-amines kunye neetyuwa zabo, amaqela e-hydroxyl (-OH), amaqela e-amide, okanye i-ether linkages (-O-) njengeminye imizekelo yamaqela e-polar hydrophilic.
Iqela le-hydrophobic lidla ngokuba yitsheyini ye-hydrocarbon engekho-polar, efana ne-hydrophobic alkyl chain (R-ye-alkyl) okanye amaqela anuka kamnandi (Ar- for aryl).
Ii-surfactants zingahlelwa zibe zi-ionic surfactants (kubandakanywa i-cationic kunye ne-anionic surfactants), i-non-ionic surfactants, i-amphoteric surfactants, i-surfactants edibeneyo, kunye nabanye. Kwizisombululo ze-surfactant, xa uxinaniso lwe-surfactant lufikelela kwixabiso elithile, iimolekyuli ze-surfactant ziyakwenza ii-aggregates eziodolweyo ezaziwa ngokuba zii-micelles. Inkqubo ye-micellization, okanye ukwakheka kwe-micelle, yipropathi ebalulekileyo yezisombululo ze-surfactant, njengoko izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zokudibanisa ubuso zinxulunyaniswa nokusekwa kweemicelles.
Ugxininiso apho ii-surfactants zenza ii-micelles kwisisombululo zibizwa ngokuba yiCritical Micelle Concentration (CMC). IiMicelles azimiselwanga, izakhiwo ezingqukuva; endaweni yoko, babonisa ukutenxa okugqithisileyo kunye notshintsho lwemilo eguqukayo. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ii-surfactants zinokubonisa umva ngeemeko zemicelle.
Izinto eziPhembelela i-CMC:
- Ulwakhiwo lwe-surfactant
- Uhlobo kunye nobukho bezongezo
- Ubushushu
Ukudibana phakathi kwe-Surfactants kunye neeProtheyini
Iiprotheyini ziqulethe amaqela angenayo i-polar, i-polar, kunye ne-charged, kunye ne-amphiphilic molekyuli ezininzi zinokusebenzisana neeprotheni ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko, i-surfactants inokwenza i-molecular organised aggregates enezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-micelles okanye i-reverse micelles, ezisebenzisana ngokwahlukileyo kunye neeprotheni.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kweeprotheyini kunye nee-surfactants (i-Protein-Surfactant, PS) ikakhulu ibandakanya ukusebenzisana kwe-electrostatic kunye nokusebenzisana kwe-hydrophobic. I-Ionic surfactants isebenzisana neeprotheni ikakhulu ngokusebenzisa amandla e-electrostatic yeqela le-polar kunye nokusebenzisana kwe-hydrophobic ye-aliphatic carbon chain, ebophelela kwimimandla ye-polar kunye ne-hydrophobic yeprotheni, ngaloo ndlela yenze i-PS complexes.
I-non-ionic surfactants ngokuyinhloko isebenzisana neeprotheni ngokusebenzisa amandla e-hydrophobic, apho amakhonkco e-hydrophobic asebenzisana nemimandla ye-hydrophobic yeeprotheni. Ukusebenzisana kunokuchaphazela zombini isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi we-surfactant kunye neprotheni. Ke ngoko, uhlobo kunye nokuxinana kwee-surfactants, kunye nomxholo wokusingqongileyo, zimisela ukuba ngaba ii-surfactants ziyazinza okanye ziyazinzisa iiproteni, kunye nokuba zikhuthaza ukudityaniswa okanye ukusasazwa.
Ixabiso le-HLB le-Surfactants
Ukuze i-surfactant ibonise umsebenzi wayo owodwa odibeneyo, kufuneka ilungelelanise i-hydrophobic kunye ne-hydrophilic components. I-HLB (i-Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance) ngumlinganiselo we-hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of surfactants kwaye isebenza njengesalathisi seempawu ze-surfactants' ze-hydrophilic kunye ne-hydrophobic.
Ixabiso le-HLB lixabiso elihambelanayo (ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-40). Ngokomzekelo, iparafini inexabiso le-HLB le-0 (akukho nxalenye ye-hydrophilic), i-polyethylene glycol inexabiso le-HLB ye-20, kunye ne-SDS ye-hydrophilic ephezulu (i-sodium dodecyl sulfate) inexabiso le-HLB ye-40. Ixabiso eliphezulu le-HLB libonisa i-hydrophilicity engcono, ngelixa ixabiso eliphantsi le-HLB libonisa i-hydrophilicity ehluphekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-10-2024