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Ngokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila kwabantu, iimfuno zabathengi zokutya azikhawulelwanga kuphela kwixabiso lesondlo esifanelekileyo, kodwa zifuna ukuba ukutya kube nomgangatho owanelisayo kwiimpawu zeemvakalelo ezifana nenkangeleko, umbala, ivumba, incasa, i-viscosity, ukutsha, njl.

I-Emulsifiers, njengezongezo zokutya kwi-conditioning, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini lokutya. Makhe sijonge indlela yokusebenza kwee-emulsifiers!

Emulsion

I-emulsion eqhelekileyo ekudleni iqulethwe ngamanzi okanye isisombululo esinamanzi, esibizwa ngokuba yi-hydrophilic phase; Esinye isigaba sisigaba se-organic esingaxutywanga namanzi, esaziwa ngokuba yi-lipophilic phase. Amanzi amabini angabonakaliyo, njengamanzi kunye neoli, angenza iindidi ezimbini ze-emulsion xa zixutywe, ezizezi ngamanzi kwioli (O / W) kunye namanzi kwioli (W / O) emulsions.

Emanzini kwi-emulsion yeoli, ioli ihlakazwa njengamaconsi amancinci emanzini, kunye namaconsi e-oyile njengesigaba sokusabalalisa kunye namanzi njengendlela yokusabalalisa. Umzekelo, ubisi lwenkomo yi-emulsion ye-O/W; Emanzini kwi-emulsions yeoli, okuchaseneyo kuyinyaniso. Amanzi asasazwa njengamathontsi amancinci kwi-oyile, kunye namanzi njengenqanaba lokusasaza kunye ne-oyile njengendawo yokusasaza. Ngokomzekelo, ibhotela eyenziwe luhlobo lwe-emulsion ye-W / O.

Indlela yokusebenza ye-emulsifiers

I-emulsifiers yokutya, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-surfactants, zizinto eziguqula ulwelo olungaguqukiyo lube kwizigaba ezihlakazekileyo ngokufanayo (emulsions). Xa zongezwa ekudleni, zinokunciphisa kakhulu ukuxhatshazwa kwe-interfacial phakathi kweoli kunye namanzi, ukuvumela i-oyile engabonakaliyo (i-hydrophobic substances) kunye namanzi (i-hydrophilic substances) ukwenza i-emulsions ezinzileyo njengezongezo zokutya.

Kwelinye icala, ii-emulsifiers zenza umaleko obhityileyo wemolekyuli kumphezulu wesigaba esichasayo, zinciphisa umphezulu wamandla asimahla wenkqubo yonke kwaye zenze ujongano olutsha. Iimolekyuli ze-Emulsifier zinamaqela asebenzayo e-hydrophilic kunye ne-oleophilic, anokuthi abhengeze kwiindawo ezichaseneyo ze-oyile kunye namanzi, zenze umaleko obhityileyo wemolekyuli kunye nokunciphisa ukuxinezeleka kobuso phakathi kwezigaba ezibini. Oko kukuthi, inxalenye ye-oleophilic ye-oyile ye-oyile kunye ne-emulsifier ikwelinye icala, kwaye inxalenye ye-hydrophilic ye-molecule yamanzi kunye ne-emulsifier ikwelinye icala. Oku kusebenzisana phakathi kwezi zibini kubangela utshintsho kwintlupheko phakathi kobuso;

Kwelinye icala, ngokwenza umaleko we-adsorption okhuselayo kumphezulu wethontsi, inika idropha ngozinzo olomeleleyo lwesithuba. Okukhona kongezwa ii-emulsifiers, kokukhona ukuncipha koxinzelelo phakathi kobuso. Oku kuvumela izinto ezingenakulinganiswa ngaphambili ukuba zixutywe ngokulinganayo, zenze inkqubo edibeneyo edibeneyo etshintsha isimo sokuqala somzimba, ngaloo ndlela iphucula isakhiwo sangaphakathi sokutya kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wayo.
Ixabiso le-Hydrophilic kunye ne-oleophilic equilibrium

Ngokubanzi, ii-emulsifiers ezine-hydrophilicity eyomeleleyo zenza i-oyile / i-emulsion zamanzi, ngelixa i-emulsifiers ene-hydrophilicity eyomeleleyo yenza i-emulsions yamanzi / yeoli. Ukubonisa ibhalansi ye-hydrophilic kunye ne-lipophilic ye-emulsifiers, ixabiso le-HLB (ixabiso le-hydrophilic lipophilic balance value) lidla ngokusetyenziswa, kwaye ixabiso le-HLB lisetyenziselwa ukumela i-hydrophilicity ye-emulsifiers. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubala zexabiso le-HLB,

Ifomula yokwahlukana: HLB=i-hydrophilicity yeqela le-hydrophilic - i-hydrophobicity yeqela le-lipophilic

Ifomula yothelekiso: HLB=i-hydrophilicity yeqela le-hydrophilic/hydrophobicity yeqela le-oleophilic

Ixabiso le-HLB le-emulsifier nganye inokumiselwa ngeendlela zovavanyo. Kwi-emulsifiers kunye ne-100% ye-lipophilicity, i-HLB yabo yi-0 (emelwe yi-parafini wax), kunye nalabo abane-100% ye-hydrophilicity, i-HLB yabo i-20 (emelwe yi-potassium oleate), ihlulwe ibe ngamacandelo angama-20 alinganayo ukubonisa amandla e-hydrophilicity kunye ne-oleophilicity. Ixabiso elikhulu le-HLB, i-hydrophilicity enamandla, kunye nexabiso elincinci le-HLB, i-oleophilicity yomelele.

Uninzi lwee-emulsifiers ezidliwayo zi-non-ionic surfactants ezinexabiso le-HLB ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya ku-20. Amaxabiso ahlukeneyo e-HLB kunye neepropati ezinxulumene ne-non-ionic emulsifiers ziboniswe kwitheyibhile; Ixabiso le-HLB le-ionic surfactants yi-0-40. Ngoko ke, i-emulsifiers enexabiso le-HLB<10 ikakhulu i-lipophilic, ngelixa i-emulsifiers enexabiso le-HLB ≥ 10 ineempawu ze-hydrophilic.

Kwimixube ye-emulsifiers, ixabiso labo le-HLB lineempawu ezongezelelweyo. Ke ngoko, xa ii-emulsifiers ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zixutywe kwaye zisetyenziswa, ixabiso le-HLB le-emulsifier edibeneyo ingabalwa ngokusekwe kwiqhezu lobunzima be-emulsifier nganye ekubunjweni kwayo:

IHLBa,b =HLBa·A%+HLBbB%

Kwifomula,

I-HLBa, b lixabiso leHLB le-emulsifier a, b exutywe kunye;

I-HLBa kunye ne-HLBb ngamaxabiso e-HLB e-emulsifiers a kunye no-b, ngokulandelelanayo;

I-A% kunye ne-B% yimixholo yepesenti ye-a kunye ne-b kwi-emulsifier edibeneyo, ngokulandelanayo (le fomyula isebenza kuphela kwi-emulsifiers engekho i-ionic).
Iindlela zokulungiselela kunye nezinto ezichaphazelayo ze-emulsifiers

Kukho iindlela ezine zokulungiselela i-emulsifiers, indlela yejeli eyomileyo, indlela yejeli emanzi, indlela yokuxuba i-oyile-amanzi, kunye nendlela yomatshini.

Indlela ye-gel eyomileyo, ebandakanya ukongeza amanzi kwisigaba seoli esiqulethe i-emulsifiers. Ngexesha lokulungiselela, i-rubber powder (emulsifier) ​​ixutywa kuqala ngokulinganayo kunye neoli, umlinganiselo othile wamanzi wongezwa, umhlaba kunye ne-emulsified kwi-colostrum, uze uhlanjululwe ngamanzi ukuya kwixabiso elipheleleyo.

Indlela yejeli emanzi, ebandakanya ukongeza ioli kwisigaba samanzi esiqulethe i-emulsifiers. Ngethuba lokulungiselela, i-gel (emulsifier) ​​iqala ukuchithwa emanzini ukwenza i-slurry njengesigaba samanzi. Emva koko, isigaba se-oyile songezwa kwisigaba samanzi ngezigaba, umhlaba ube yi-colostrum, kwaye amanzi ongezwa kwisixa esipheleleyo.

Hlanganisa izigaba zeoli kunye namanzi kwaye uzifake kwi-emulsifier, udibanise inani elithile leoli kunye namanzi. Gaya itshungama yesiArabhu kwidaka, uze ukhawuleze ugaye umxube wamanzi oyile kwi-colostrum, kwaye uhlambulule ngamanzi.

Ukulungiswa kwe-emulsifiers ikakhulu kubandakanya ukufakwa kwe-emulsion ezimbini, kwaye umgangatho we-emulsification unempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumgangatho we-emulsion.

Izinto ezichaphazela i-emulsification ikakhulu zibandakanya ukunyanzeliswa kwe-interfacial tension, viscosity kunye neqondo lokushisa, ixesha le-emulsification, kunye nenani le-emulsifier esetyenzisiweyo. Ii-emulsifiers ezinokunciphisa kakhulu ukuxhatshazwa kobuso zikhethwa ngokubanzi; Obona bushushu bufanelekileyo bokwenza imifuziselo kumalunga nama-70 ℃. Ukuba i-non-ionic surfactants isetyenziswa njenge-emulsifiers, ubushushu be-emulsification akufanele budlule ubushushu babo obuphezulu; Xa kusetyenziswa i-emulsifiers, i-emulsion izinzile.

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