Isichimi
| Ekubeni ezinye izinto eziqinileyo zingenakunyibilika emanzini, xa enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ziqina zikhoyo ngobuninzi obukhulu kwisisombululo esinamanzi, zinokuthi zibe khona emanzini kwimeko ye-emulsified phantsi kokushukunyiswa ngamandla adibeneyo okanye angaphandle, okwenza i-emulsion. Ngokwethiyori le nkqubo ayizinzanga, kodwa ukuba kukho ubukho bezinye ii-surfactants (amasuntswana omhlaba, njl.njl.), iya kwenza imeko ye-emulsification ibe nzima kakhulu, nokuba izigaba ezibini zinzima ukuhlukana, eyona nto iqhelekileyo ngumxube wamanzi we-oyile kwi-oyile-manzi ukwahlukana kunye nomxube wamanzi-oyile kunyango lwe-lindle, izigaba ezibini zenza i-oil-stable okanye i-oil-isiseko se-oil-isiseko esizinzileyo-isiseko samanzi. "isakhiwo sombane esiphindwe kabini". Kule meko, ezinye ii-agent zifakwe ukuphazamisa isakhiwo se-bilayer esizinzileyo sombane kunye nokuzinzisa inkqubo ye-emulsification ukuze kuphunyezwe ukwahlukana kwezigaba ezimbini. Ezi arhente zisetyenziselwa ukufezekisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-emulsification zibizwa ngokuba yi-emulsion breakers. |
Izicelo eziphambili
| I-Demulsifier yi-surfactant substance, enokwenza i-emulsion-efana ne-liquid structure intshabalalo, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo ye-emulsion ekuhlukaneni kwezigaba ezahlukeneyo. I-oyile ekrwada i-deemulsification ibhekiselele kusetyenziso lwesiphumo sekhemikhali ye-emulsion yokuqhawula i-agent yokushiya i-oyile kunye namanzi kumxube we-oyile-amanzi emulsified ukuphumeza injongo yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwi-oyile ekrwada, ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho womthamo wamanzi e-oyile ekrwada yokudluliselwa kwangaphandle. Ukwahlula okusebenzayo kwezigaba eziphilayo kunye namanzi, enye yezona ndlela zilula kwaye zisebenzayo kukusebenzisa i-demulsifier ukuphelisa i-emulsification ukwenza i-interface emulsified kunye namandla athile ukufezekisa ukuhlukana kwezigaba ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, i-demulsifier eyahlukileyo inesakhono esahlukileyo se-emulsion sokwaphulwa kwesigaba se-organic, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isiphumo sokwahlukana kwezigaba ezibini. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-penicillin, inkqubo ebalulekileyo kukukhupha i-penicillin kwi-penicillin fermentation broth kunye ne-organic solvents (njenge-butyl acetate). Ekubeni umhluzi we-fermentation uqulethe iiprotheni, iishukela, i-mycelium, njl., i-interface phakathi kwezigaba eziphilayo kunye ne-aqueous ayicacanga ngexesha lokukhutshwa, kwaye indawo ye-emulsification inamandla athile, enempembelelo enkulu kwimveliso yeemveliso ezigqityiweyo. |
I-Common Demulsifier - Ezi zilandelayo zezona zidemulsifier ezingenayo i-ionic eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwindawo yeoli.
I-Demulsifier yohlobo lwe-SP
| Icandelo eliphambili le-SP-type emulsion breaker yi-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene octadecyl ether, i-formula ye-theory ye-structural ngu-R (PO) x (EO) y (PO) zH, apho: EO-polyoxyethylene; i-PO-polyoxypropylene; R-aliphatic utywala; x, y, z-polymerization degree.I-SP-type demulsifier inenkangeleko yentlama etyheli ekhanyayo, ixabiso le-HLB le-10~12, linyibilika emanzini. Udidi lwe-SP-non-ionic demulsifier lunesiphumo esingcono sokukhulula kwi-oli ekrwada esekwe yiparafini. Inxalenye yayo ye-hydrophobic iqukethe i-carbon 12 ~ 18 i-hydrocarbon chains, kunye neqela layo le-hydrophilic li-hydrophilic ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-hydroxyl (-OH) kunye ne-ether (-O-) amaqela kwi-molecule kunye namanzi ukwenza iibhondi ze-hydrogen. Ekubeni i-hydroxyl kunye namaqela e-ether anamandla e-hydrophilic, kuphela i-hydroxyl enye okanye ezimbini okanye amaqela e-ether awakwazi ukutsala iqela le-hydrophobic ye-carbon 12 ~ 18 ye-hydrocarbon chain emanzini, kufuneka kubekho ngaphezu kweqela elinye le-hydrophilic ukufezekisa injongo yokunyibilika kwamanzi. Ubukhulu bobunzima bemolekyuli ye-non-ionic demulsifier, kokukhona i-molecular chain inde, kokukhona iqulethe i-hydroxyl kunye namaqela e-ether, kokukhona amandla ayo okutsala makhulu, kokukhona isomelela isakhono sokuphelisa ii-emulsions ze-oyile ekrwada. Esinye isizathu sokuba i-SP demulsifier ifanele i-oyile ekrwada esekwe kwiparafini kukuba i-oyile ekrwada esekwe kwiparafini ayinayo okanye incinci kakhulu itshungama kunye ne-asphaltene, izinto ezingaphantsi kwe-lipophilic surfactant kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci. Kwi-oyile ekrwada enetshungama ephezulu kunye nesiqulatho se-asphaltene (okanye isiqulatho samanzi esingaphezulu kwe-20%), isakhono sokuphelisa isidima se-SP-type demulsifier sibuthathaka ngenxa yolwakhiwo lwemolekyuli enye, akukho sakhiwo setsheyini enegatsha kunye nolwakhiwo olunuka kamnandi. |
AP-uhlobo Demulsifier
| I-AP-type demulsifier yi-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether ene-polyethylene polyamine njengomqalisi, i-multi-branch type nonionic surfactant ene-molecular structure formula: D (PO) x (EO)y (PO) zH, apho: EO - polyoxyethylene; PO - polyoxypropylene; R - utywala obunamafutha; D - i-polyethylene amine: x, y, z - iqondo lepolymerization. Uhlobo lwe-AP-uhlobo lwe-demulsifier yokususa i-oyile ekrwada esekwe kwiparafini, isiphumo singcono kune-SP-type demulsifier, ifaneleke ngakumbi kwisiqulatho samanzi e-oyile ekrwada ngaphezulu kwe-20% ye-oyile ekrwada yokudemulsifier, kwaye inokufikelela kwisiphumo esikhawulezayo sokudemulsifying phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphantsi. Ukuba i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-SP ihlalisa kwaye ikhuphe i-emulsion ngaphakathi kwe-55 ~ 60 ℃ kunye ne-2h, i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AP idinga kuphela ukuhlalisa kunye nokunciphisa i-emulsion ngaphakathi kwe-45 ~ 50 ℃ kunye ne-1.5h. Oku kungenxa yeempawu zesakhiwo se-AP-type demulsifier molekyuli. Umqalisi we-polyethylene polyamine umisela ifom yesakhiwo se-molecule: i-molecular chain chain ide kwaye i-branched, kwaye isakhono se-hydrophilic siphezulu kune-SP-type demulsifier enesakhiwo esisodwa se-molecular. Iimpawu zekhonkco elinamasebe amaninzi zimisela i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AP inobumanzi obuphezulu kunye nokungena, xa i-oyile ekrwada idiliza, iimolekyuli zohlobo lwe-AP-uhlobo lwe-demulsifier zinokungena ngokukhawuleza kwifilimu yojongano lwamanzi-oyile, kuneemolekyuli ze-SP-uhlobo lwe-demulsifier yolungiselelo lwefilimu oluthe nkqo lwemolekyuli luthatha indawo engaphezulu, isiphumo esicacileyo se-emulsion siyinto ecacileyo. Okwangoku, olu hlobo lwe-demulsifier yeyona nto ingcono ye-non-ionic demulsifier esetyenziswa kwi-oilfield yase-Daqing. |
I-AE-type Demulsifier
| I-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE yi-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether ene-polyethylene polyamine njengomqalisi, luhlobo olunamasebe amaninzi lwe-nonionic surfactant. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-AP-type demulsifier, umahluko kukuba i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE yi-polymer enamanqanaba amabini aneemolekyuli ezincinci kunye namatyathanga amafutshane. Ifomula yesakhiwo semolekyuli yile: D(PO)x(EO)yH, apho: EO - polyoxyethylene: PO - polyoxypropylene: D - polyethylene polyamine; x, y - iqondo lepolymerization. Nangona izigaba zemolekyuli ze-AE-type demulsifier kunye ne-AP-type demulsifier zahluke kakhulu, kodwa ukwakheka kweemolekyuli kuyafana, kuphela kwidosi ye-monomer kunye nokwahluka komyalelo we-polymerization. (1) i-demulsifier ezimbini ezingekho i-ionic kuyilo lwe-synthesis, intloko kunye nomsila wexabiso lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zahlukile, okubangelwa ubude beemolekyuli ze-polymerization nazo zahlukile. 2 ngoko ke, uyilo lohlobo lwe-AP-uhlobo lwe-molecule ye-demulsifier kufuneka ibe nde kune-AE-type demulsifier molekyuli. Udidi lwe-AE luluhlu olunamanqanaba amabini amasebe amaninzi okucoca i-oyile ekrwada ekrwada, ekwalungelelaniswa nokususwa kwe-asphaltene ekrwada yeoli emulsions. Okukhona umxholo we-lipophilic surfactant kwi-oyile ekrwada ye-bituminous, ngamandla amandla e-viscous, umncinci umahluko phakathi koxinano lweoyile kunye namanzi, akulula ukukhulula i-emulsion. I-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE isetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-emulsion ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE yi-anti-wax viscosity reducer engcono. Ngenxa yolwakhiwo lwamasebe amaninzi eemolekyuli, kulula kakhulu ukwenza uthungelwano oluncinci, ukwenzela ukuba iikristale enye yeparafini esele yenziwe kwioli ekrwada iwele kwezi networks, ithintele intshukumo yasimahla yeekristale enye yeparafini kwaye ayikwazi ukunxibelelana enye kwenye, yenze ubume beparafini, ukunciphisa i-viscosity kunye nenqaku lomkhenkce lenjongo ye-oyile ekrwada, ukuthintela ukuphunyezwa kwe-oyile ekrwada. ye-anti-wax. |
AR-uhlobo demulsifier
| I-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AR yenziwe nge-alkyl phenolic resin (i-AR resin) kunye ne-polyoxyethylene, i-polyoxypropylene kunye nohlobo olutsha lwe-oyile-enyibilikayo i-non-ionic demulsifier, ixabiso le-HLB malunga ne-4 ~ 8, ubushushu obuphantsi be-demulsifying obuyi-35 ~ 45 ℃. Ifomula yesakhiwo semolekyuli yile: AR(PO)x(EO)yH, apho: EO-polyoxyethylene; i-PO-polyoxypropylene; I-AR-resin; x, y, z-degree of polymerization.Kwinkqubo yokudibanisa i-demulsifier, i-resin ye-AR isebenza njengomqalisi kwaye ingena kwimolekyuli ye-demulsifier ibe liqela le-lipophilic. Iimpawu ze-AR-type demulsifier zezi: i-molecule ayinkulu, kwimeko yokuqina kwe-oyile ekrwada ingaphezulu kwe-5 ℃ inonyibiliko oluhle, ukusasazwa, isiphumo sokungena, i-emulsified water droplet flocculation, i-agglomeration. Iyakwazi ukususa ngaphezu kwe-80% yamanzi kwi-oyile ekrwada kunye nomthamo wamanzi we-50% ~ 70% ngaphantsi kwe-45 ℃ kunye ne-45 min ukususa ngaphezu kwe-80% yamanzi kwi-oyile ekrwada kunye nomthamo wamanzi we-50% ukuya kwi-70%, engenakulinganiswa nohlobo lwe-SP kunye nohlobo lwe-AP-demulsifier. |
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-22-2022