Isichimi
| Ekubeni ezinye izinto eziqinileyo zingenakunyibilika emanzini, xa enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ziqina zikhoyo ngobuninzi obukhulu kwisisombululo esinamanzi, zinokuthi zibe khona emanzini kwimeko ye-emulsified phantsi kokushukunyiswa ngamandla adibeneyo okanye angaphandle, okwenza i-emulsion. Ngokwethiyori le nkqubo ayizinzanga, kodwa ukuba kukho ubukho bezinye ii-surfactants (amasuntswana omhlaba, njl.njl.), iya kwenza imeko ye-emulsification ibe mbi kakhulu, nokuba izigaba ezibini kunzima ukuzohlula, eyona iqhelekileyo ngumxube wamanzi oyile. ekuhlukaneni kwe-oyile-amanzi kunye nomxube we-oyile wamanzi kwi-lindle unyango, izigaba ezibini zenza i-oil-in-water-in-water okanye i-oil-in-oil structure, isiseko sethiyori "isakhiwo sombane esiphindwe kabini". Kule meko, ezinye ii-agent zifakwe ukuphazamisa isakhiwo se-bilayer esizinzileyo sombane kunye nokuzinzisa inkqubo ye-emulsification ukuze kuphunyezwe ukwahlukana kwezigaba ezimbini. Ezi arhente zisetyenziselwa ukufezekisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-emulsification zibizwa ngokuba yi-emulsion breakers. |
Izicelo eziphambili
| I-Demulsifier yi-surfactant substance, enokwenza i-emulsion-efana ne-liquid structure intshabalalo, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo ye-emulsion ekuhlukaneni kwezigaba ezahlukeneyo. I-oyile ekrwada i-deemulsification ibhekiselele kusetyenziso lwesiphumo semichiza ye-emulsion yokwaphula i-arhente yokushiya i-oyile kunye namanzi kumxube we-oyile-amanzi e-emulsified ukuphumeza injongo yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwi-oyile ekrwada, ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho we-oyile ekrwada yesiqulatho samanzi sangaphandle. usulelo. Ukwahlula okusebenzayo kwezigaba eziphilayo kunye namanzi, enye yezona ndlela zilula kwaye zisebenzayo kukusebenzisa i-demulsifier ukuphelisa i-emulsification ukwenza i-interface emulsified kunye namandla athile ukufezekisa ukuhlukana kwezigaba ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, i-demulsifier eyahlukileyo inesakhono esahlukileyo se-emulsion sokwaphulwa kwesigaba se-organic, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isiphumo sokwahlukana kwezigaba ezibini. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-penicillin, inkqubo ebalulekileyo kukukhupha i-penicillin kwi-penicillin fermentation broth kunye ne-organic solvents (njenge-butyl acetate). Ekubeni umhluzi we-fermentation uqulethe ii-proteins, iishukela, i-mycelium, njl., i-interface phakathi kwezigaba eziphilayo kunye ne-aqueous ayicacanga ngexesha lokukhutshwa, kwaye indawo ye-emulsification inamandla athile, enempembelelo enkulu kwimveliso yeemveliso ezigqityiweyo. |
I-Common Demulsifier - Ezi zilandelayo zezona zidemulsifier ezingenayo i-ionic eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwindawo yeoli.
I-Demulsifier yohlobo lwe-SP
| Icandelo eliphambili le-SP-type emulsion breaker yi-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene octadecyl ether, i-formula ye-theory ye-structural ngu-R (PO) x (EO) y (PO) zH, apho: EO-polyoxyethylene; i-PO-polyoxypropylene; R-aliphatic utywala; x, y, z-polymerization degree.I-SP-type demulsifier inenkangeleko yentlama etyheli ekhanyayo, ixabiso le-HLB le-10~12, linyibilika emanzini. Udidi lwe-SP-non-ionic demulsifier lunesiphumo esingcono sokukhulula kwi-oli ekrwada esekwe yiparafini. Inxalenye yayo ye-hydrophobic iqukethe i-carbon 12 ~ 18 i-hydrocarbon chains, kunye neqela layo le-hydrophilic li-hydrophilic ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-hydroxyl (-OH) kunye ne-ether (-O-) amaqela kwi-molecule kunye namanzi ukwenza iibhondi ze-hydrogen. Ekubeni i-hydroxyl kunye namaqela e-ether anamandla e-hydrophilic, kuphela i-hydroxyl enye okanye ezimbini okanye amaqela e-ether awakwazi ukutsala iqela le-hydrophobic ye-carbon 12 ~ 18 ye-hydrocarbon chain emanzini, kufuneka kubekho ngaphezu kweqela elinye le-hydrophilic ukufezekisa injongo yokunyibilika kwamanzi. Ubukhulu bobunzima bemolekyuli ye-non-ionic demulsifier, kokukhona i-molecular chain inde, kokukhona iqulethe i-hydroxyl kunye namaqela e-ether, kokukhona amandla ayo okutsala makhulu, kokukhona isomelela isakhono sokuphelisa ii-emulsions ze-oyile ekrwada. Esinye isizathu sokuba i-SP demulsifier ifanele i-oyile ekrwada esekwe kwiparafini kukuba i-oyile ekrwada esekwe kwiparafini ayinayo okanye incinci kakhulu itshungama kunye ne-asphaltene, izinto ezingaphantsi kwe-lipophilic surfactant kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci. Kwi-oyile ekrwada enetshungama ephezulu kunye nesiqulatho se-asphaltene (okanye isiqulatho samanzi esingaphezulu kwe-20%), isakhono sokuphelisa isidima se-SP-type demulsifier sibuthathaka ngenxa yolwakhiwo lwemolekyuli enye, akukho sakhiwo setsheyini enegatsha kunye nolwakhiwo olunuka kamnandi. |
AP-uhlobo Demulsifier
| I-AP-type demulsifier yi-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether ene-polyethylene polyamine njengomqalisi, i-multi-branch type nonionic surfactant ene-molecular structure formula: D (PO) x (EO)y (PO) zH, apho: EO - polyoxyethylene; PO - polyoxypropylene; R - utywala obunamafutha; D - i-polyethylene amine: x, y, z - iqondo lepolymerization. Uhlobo lwe-AP-uhlobo lwe-demulsifier yokususa i-oyile ekrwada esekwe kwiparafini, isiphumo singcono kunohlobo lwe-SP-demulsifier, ifaneleke ngakumbi kwisiqulatho samanzi e-oyile ekrwada ngaphezulu kwe-20% ye-oyile ekrwada yokudemulsifier, kwaye inokufikelela kwisiphumo esikhawulezayo sokudiliza phantsi kobushushu obuphantsi. iimeko. Ukuba i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-SP ihlalisa kwaye ikhuphe i-emulsion ngaphakathi kwe-55 ~ 60 ℃ kunye ne-2h, i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AP idinga kuphela ukuhlalisa kunye nokunciphisa i-emulsion ngaphakathi kwe-45 ~ 50 ℃ kunye ne-1.5h. Oku kungenxa yeempawu zesakhiwo se-AP-type demulsifier molekyuli. Umqalisi we-polyethylene polyamine umisela ifom yesakhiwo se-molecule: i-molecular chain chain ide kwaye i-branched, kwaye isakhono se-hydrophilic siphezulu kune-SP-type demulsifier enesakhiwo esisodwa se-molecular. Iimpawu zekhonkco elinamasebe amaninzi limisela i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AP inobumanzi obuphezulu kunye nokunyanzeliswa, xa i-oyile ekrwada ichithwa, iimolekyuli ze-AP-uhlobo lwe-demulsifier zinokungena ngokukhawuleza kwifilimu yojongano lwamanzi, kuneemolekyuli zohlobo lwe-SP-demulsifier ezithe nkqo. Ulungiselelo lwefilimu yemolekyuli enye luthatha indawo engaphezulu, ngoko ke idosi encinci, isiphumo se-emulsion siyabonakala. Okwangoku, olu hlobo lwe-demulsifier yeyona nto ingcono ye-non-ionic demulsifier esetyenziswa kwi-oilfield yase-Daqing. |
I-AE-type Demulsifier
| I-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE yi-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether ene-polyethylene polyamine njengomqalisi, luhlobo olunamasebe amaninzi lwe-nonionic surfactant. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-AP-type demulsifier, umahluko kukuba i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE yi-polymer enamanqanaba amabini aneemolekyuli ezincinci kunye namatyathanga amafutshane. Ifomula yesakhiwo semolekyuli yile: D(PO)x(EO)yH, apho: EO - polyoxyethylene: PO - polyoxypropylene: D - polyethylene polyamine; x, y - iqondo lepolymerization. Nangona izigaba zemolekyuli ze-AE-type demulsifier kunye ne-AP-type demulsifier zahluke kakhulu, kodwa ukwakheka kweemolekyuli kuyafana, kuphela kwidosi ye-monomer kunye nokwahluka komyalelo we-polymerization. (1) i-demulsifier ezimbini ezingekho i-ionic kuyilo lwe-synthesis, intloko kunye nomsila wexabiso lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zahlukile, okubangelwa ubude beemolekyuli ze-polymerization nazo zahlukile. 2 , ngoko ke, uyilo lwe-AP-type demulsifier molekyuli kufuneka ibe nde kune-AE-type demulsifier molekyuli. Udidi lwe-AE luluhlu olunamanqanaba amabini amasebe amaninzi okucoca i-oyile ekrwada ekrwada, ekwalungelelaniswa nokususwa kwe-asphaltene ekrwada yeoli emulsions. Okukhona umxholo we-lipophilic surfactant kwi-oyile ekrwada ye-bituminous, ngamandla amandla e-viscous, umncinci umahluko phakathi koxinano lweoyile kunye namanzi, akulula ukukhulula i-emulsion. I-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE isetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-emulsion ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE yi-anti-wax viscosity reducer engcono. Ngenxa yolwakhiwo olunamasebe amaninzi eemolekyuli, kulula kakhulu ukwenza uthungelwano oluncinci, ukwenzela ukuba iikristale enye yeparafini esele yenziwe kwi-oyile ekrwada iwele kolu thungelwano, ithintele intshukumo ekhululekileyo yeekristale enye yeparafini kwaye ayikwazi ukunxibelelana nayo nganye. enye, ukwenza i-net yeparafini, ukunciphisa i-viscosity kunye nendawo yokukhenkceza yeoli ekrwada kunye nokuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kweekristale ze-wax, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa injongo ye-anti-wax. |
AR-uhlobo demulsifier
| I-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AR yenziwe nge-alkyl phenolic resin (i-AR resin) kunye ne-polyoxyethylene, i-polyoxypropylene kunye nohlobo olutsha lwe-oyile-enyibilikayo i-non-ionic demulsifier, ixabiso le-HLB malunga ne-4 ~ 8, ubushushu obuphantsi be-demulsifying obuyi-35 ~ 45 ℃. Ifomula yesakhiwo semolekyuli yile: AR(PO)x(EO)yH, apho: EO-polyoxyethylene; i-PO-polyoxypropylene; I-AR-resin; x, y, z-degree of polymerization.Kwinkqubo yokudibanisa i-demulsifier, i-resin ye-AR isebenza njengomqalisi kwaye ingena kwimolekyuli ye-demulsifier ibe liqela le-lipophilic. Iimpawu ze-AR-type demulsifier zezi: i-molecule ayinkulu, kwimeko yokuqina kwe-oyile ekrwada ingaphezulu kwe-5 ℃ inonyibiliko oluhle, ukusasazwa, isiphumo sokungena, i-emulsified water droplet flocculation, i-agglomeration. Inokususa ngaphezu kwe-80% yamanzi kwi-oyile ekrwada kunye nesiqulatho samanzi se-50% ~ 70% ngaphantsi kwe-45 ℃ kunye ne-45 min ukususa ngaphezu kwe-80% yamanzi kwi-oyile ekrwada kunye nesiqulatho samanzi se-50% ukuya kwi-70%, leyo ayinakuthelekiswa nohlobo lwe-SP kunye nohlobo lwe-AP-demulsifier. |
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-22-2022