Ngokwetafile, i-surficapes ilungele ukusetyenziswa njengoko i-enulsifiers ye-oyile engaphakathi inexabiso le-HLB ye-3.5 ukuya kwi-6, ngelixa i-enulmulsuers ye-oyile i-oyile iwela phakathi kwe-8 ukuya kwi-18.

Ukuchazwa kwexabiso le-HLB (ishiyekile).

I-07 yokutsalwa kunye neSollical

I-emulsion yinkqubo eyenziwe xa olunye ulwelo olungenakuphathelele lusasazeka kwelinye isuntswana elihle (iimpuphu okanye iikristali zekristasi okanye iikristale okanye iikristali zekristasi. I-emulsifier, eluhlobo lwe-surfacnt, ibalulekile ekuzinziseni le nkqubo ingazinzanga nge-thernodyalction ngokuncipha kwamandla obuhlanga. Isigaba esikhoyo kwifom ye-domplet sibizwa ngokuba sisigaba esisasazwayo (okanye isigaba sangaphakathi), ngelixa isigaba sokwenza isigaba sokuqhubeka sibizwa ngokuba sisigaba sokusasazwa (okanye isigaba sangaphandle).

I-emilssifiers kunye ne-emulsions

I-emulssion eqhelekileyo ihlala iquka isigaba esinye njengamanzi okanye isisombululo esibonakalayo, kunye nenye njengezinto zezinto eziphilayo, ezinjengeeoyile okanye ii-oyile okanye i-waxes okanye i-waxes okanye i-waxes okanye i-waxes okanye i-waxes okanye i-waxes okanye i-waxes okanye i-waxes okanye i-waxes okanye i-waxies. Kuxhomekeka ekusasazeni kwabo, i-eulsions inokuhlelwa njenge-oyile-oyile (W / O) apho ioyile ichithwe khona emanzini, okanye amanzi e-oyile (o / w) apho amanzi asasazeke kwioyile. Ngaphezulu, ii-emulssions ezinzima njenge-w / o / w okanye o / w / o zinokubakho. I-Emosifiers zizinzisa ii-emulsions ngokuthoba uxinzelelo oluhlanganisiweyo kunye nokwakha imfumba ye-monomolecular. I-emulsifier kufuneka i-adferb okanye iqokelele kwi-inctions yengxwabangxwaba yengqungquthela kwaye idlulisele intlawulo yokuhlawula amathontsi, ukuvelisa i-elektrostatity, okanye yenze ifilimu yefilimu ekhuselweyo ejikeleze amasuntswana. Ngenxa yoko, izinto ezisetyenziswa njenge-enulsifuer kufuneka zibe namaqela e-AMPIGHIC, apho i-surfcapes inokubonelela.

Iindlela zokulungiswa kwe-emalsion kunye nezinto ezibangela uzinzo

Zimbini iindlela eziphambili zokulungiselela ii-Ealsions: Iindlela zoomatshini zisasaza i-subseds kumanzi athile, ngelixa indlela yesibini ibandakanya ukuchitha i-molecular form kwimo yemolekyuli kwenye kwaye ibangele ukuba bahlekise ngokufanelekileyo. Uzinzo lwe-emulsion lubhekisa kubuchule bayo bokuxhathisa ukwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulo. I-Emosions yinkqubo engazinzanga ze-thermodyonals enamandla aphezulu asimahla, ngaloo ndlela ukuzinza kwazo kubonisa ixesha elifunekayo ukufikelela kwi-emulsion. Xa i-fatty ifayili, amanqatha anamafutha, kwaye amavili amanqatha akhoyo kwifilimu enkohlakeleyo, amandla e-memrane yonyuka kakhulu kuba iimolekyuli ze-polar zenza i-moleeds ye-organic kwi-adrenses.

I-Enulsisiers eqokelelwe kwi-surfacants ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zibizwa ngokuba zii-Eaulsifiers ezixubileyo. I-EULDISIDER ezixutyweyo i-Adsorb kwi-Adsorb ye-oyile, kwaye intsebenzo yemolekyuli inokwenza i-Supets elona xinzelelo liphakathi, ukwandisa inani le-adserbate kunye ne-damds enobuchule, i-dayser enamandla, eyomeleleyo ye-denser, i-damds enamandla.

Ukuhlawuliswa ngombane kuhlawuliswa ngombane kukuphembelela uzinzo lwe-eulsions. Kwi-emulsoon ezizinzileyo, amaconsi ephethe intlawulo yombane. Xa i-Ionic EMulsisisheers isetyenziswa, ukuphela kwe-hydrophobic ye-Uic Surescation ifakwe kwiSigaba seoyile, ngelixa isiphelo se-hydrophilic sihlala sikwisigaba samanzi, sibeka intlawulo kumaconsi. Njengamatyala phakathi kwamaqhinga abangela ukuziphindezela kwaye kuthintele i-coalescence, ephucula uzinzo. Ngenxa yoko, eyona nto iphambili kugxilwe kuzo i-Emoulsifier i-ion ye-ions, enkulu intlawulo yabo kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu koku-emulsion.

I-viscofity yendawo yokusasazeka ichaphazela uzinzo. Ngokubanzi, iindawo eziphakathi ze-viscofity ziphucula uzinzo kuba zinamandla zokuhamba nge-brownian ye-brownian yamathontsi, ecotha amathuba okubanjwa. Izinto eziphakamileyo zemolekyuli ezichithayo kwi-emulsion inokunyusa i-viscosity kunye nozinzo. Ukongeza, izinto eziphakamileyo zemolekyuli zinokukwenza iifreyimu ezihlanganisiweyo, ukuziqhelanisa noku-emulsion. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukongeza i-powders eqinileyo kungazinza ngokuzinza ngendlela efanayo. Ukuba amasuntswana aqinileyo axhonywe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi kwaye angamanzi yioyile, aya kugcinwa kwi-oyile yeoyile. I-powders eqinileyo uzinzisa i-emulsion ngokuphucula ifilimu njengoko idibanisa ujongano, kakhulu njenge-adredicants.

I-surfcapes inokuthi iphucule kakhulu i-smolunguunt yezinto eziphilayo ezingenanto zangaphantsi okanye ezinganyibilikiyo emanzini emva kokuba yenziwe ngemifanekiso emva kokuba yenziwe ngemifanekiso. Ngeli xesha, isisombululo sibonakala sicacile, kwaye oku kuyabizwa i-solmboblicity. I-sundocapecapes enokukhuthaza i-solwiblical ibizwa ngokuba ziziseko zeSollizers, ngelixa amakhonkco ombungulu abizwa ngokuba ebizwa ngokuba zii-Solbaniates.

I-08 fight

I-Foam idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokuhlamba. I-foam ibhekisa kwinkqubo yokusasazeka kwegesi esasazeke kulwelo okanye iqinile, irhasi enesigaba esiphakathi kunye nolwelo okanye i-foam eqinileyo, iglasi ye-foam, kunye ne-foam ikhonkrithi.

(1) Ukuqulunqwa kwe-foam

Ibinzana elimenyibilikisi libhekisa kwingqokelela yeeblues zomoya ezahlulwe ziifilimu ezingamanzi. Ngenxa yobume bobume obukhulu phakathi kwegesi (iSigaba esisasazwayo) kunye nolwelo (i-Dispiley), kwaye i-viscoisity ephantsi), kwaye i-viscosity ephantsi yolwelo, igesi inyuka ngokukhawuleza. Ukuqulunqwa kwe-foam kubandakanya kubandakanya inani elikhulu lerhasi etroneni; Iibhubhu emva koko zibuyela kumphezulu, ukudala i-aggregate ye-fubbble yomoya eyahlulwe yifilimu engamanzi encinci. I-Foam ineempawu ezimbini ezahlukileyo ze-morphological Okwesibini, ulwelo olucocekileyo alunakuzenzela ubunamakali ozinzileyo; Ubuncinci izinto ezimbini kufuneka zibekho ukwenza i-foam. Isisombululo esigciniweyo yinkqubo yokuqulunqa i-foam-yokwenza ubume obuqhelekileyo obunxulunyaniswa nezinye iipropathi. I-surfacapes enesenzo esifanelekileyo sokubila sibizwa ngokuba zii-agents ezingcolileyo. Nangona iiarhente ezibilayo zibonisa ubugqwirha obuhle bokukhala, i-foam ayicingeli mayingahlali ixesha elide, ithe tyhakala ukuzinza kwabo akuqinisekiswanga. Ukuphucula ukuzinza kwe-cum, izinto ezibangela uzinzo zinokongezwa; Ezi zizinto ezibizayo, ezinolohlulelo oluqhelekileyo kuquka neLauryl diethanolamine kunye ne-oxide ye-dodecyl dimyethyl amine.

(2) Ukuzinza kwe-foam

I-Foam yinkqubo engazinzanga ye-therming; Ukuqhubela phambili kwendalo kukhokelela ekuphuculeni, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa indawo yendawo engamanzi kunye nokunciphisa amandla asimahla. Inkqubo yokudamba ibandakanya ukuncitshiswa kancinci kwefilimu yolwelo eyahlula igesi kude kusenzeka. Inqanaba lokuzinza kwegwebu liphenjelelwa ngumgangatho wolwelo lwamanzi kunye namandla efilimu engamanzi. Izinto ezinempembelelo zibandakanya:

① Ingqungquthela engaphezulu Ingqungquthela yomphezulu ophantsi ibonisa umahluko omncinci, okhokelela kwi-crainage yolwelo olucothayo kunye nokutyibilika kwefilimu engamanzi, zombini ezona uzinzo luzinzo.

② I-vissity vissity: Eyona nto iphambili ekuzinzo kweengcongconi ngamandla efilimu engamanzi, ngokuyintloko kumiselwa yifilimu yefilimu ye-adsorption, elinganiswe ngumboniso womhlaba. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba izisombululo eziphezulu kwi-vissity ephezulu ivelisa i-foam engapheliyo ngenxa yokuphucula ukunxibelelana kwemolekyuli kwifilimu evumayo.

I-Viscosity yeSisombululo: Ukugcinwa okuphezulu kulwelo ngokwawo kuyacothisa ukuntywila kolwelo ukusuka kwi-memnene, ngaloo ndlela kusonga ixesha lobomi befilimu ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ngokuzinzileyo, ukuphucula uzinzo lwefilimu.

④ Intswelo-nkqubela "Ukulungiswa" kwesenzo esithi: " Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukulungisa isenzo. Xa i-tionsfacmants i-adsorb i-adsorb kwifilimu engamanzi kwaye yandise indawo yayo yomphezulu, oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-sundfrication emphezulu kwaye lunyuke uxinzelelo lomhlaba; Kwelinye icala, ukuchasana nokukhokelela kukhokelela ekuxilongeni olongezelelekileyo loxinzelelo kumphezulu kwaye emva koko kunciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu.

Ukuhluthwa kwegesi ngenqwelomoya Ukusetyenziswa okungaguqukiyo kwe-surfacapes kudala iyunifomu, ngokusasaza i-fubbles kwaye kuyakwa Nge-surfaciants ipakishwe ngokuqinileyo kwifilimu engamanzi, ukuphazamiseka kwegesi kuyathintelwa, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuzinza kwegona.

⑥ Isiphumo sokuhlawula umphezulu: Ukuba ifilimu engamanzi ye-Foam ithwala intlawulo efanayo, ezi ndawo zimbini ziya kuphelisa omnye komnye, ukuthintela ifilimu ekuthinteleni okanye yaphukile. I-Ionic surfacants inokubonelela ngesiphumo sokuzinzisa. Isishwankathelo, amandla efilimu engamanzi yifilimu ebaluleke kakhulu ekuzimiseleni ukuzinza kwegwebu. I-sundocapes esebenza njengamaze iarhente yokugweba kunye neendawo zokuhlala eziqhumayo kufuneka zibe nefuthe elijikelezayo, njengoko oku kuchaphazela kakhulu ifilimu engaphezulu, ekhulisa ifilimu engaphezulu kwefilimu, esenza uzinzo olusecaleni olufikeleleka.

(3) Ukutshatyalaliswa kwegwebu

Umgaqo osisiseko wentshabalalo ye-foam ibandakanya ukutshintsha iimeko ezivelisa i-foam okanye isuse izinto ezizinzileyo ze-foam, ezikhokelela kwiindlela ezingenamsebenzi kunye nokwenzakala. Ukudilizwa komzimba kugcina ubume bekhemikhali ngelixa kutshintsha iimeko eziphazamisayo, ubushushu, okanye uxinzelelo lwe-Ultrasonic, zonke iindlela zokuphelisa ubugwebi. Ukudilizwa kweekhemikhali kubhekisa kunokongezwa kwezinto ezithile ezisebenzisana nearhente ezingcolileyo ukunciphisa amandla efilimu engamanzi ngaphakathi kwi-foam, ukunciphisa ukuzinza kwegwebu kunye nokuphumeza ukudakumba. Ezo zinto zibizwa ngokuba zii-Defoamers, uninzi lwazo ziyinto egciniweyo. I-Defoamers iqhele ukuba nesakhono esibonakalayo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo lomhlaba kwaye linoku-adferb ukuya kumphezulu, ngokusebenzisana ngobungozi phakathi kweemolekyuli zemolekyuli. Iindidi zeDefoamer zahlukile, kodwa zihlala zingenzi ntetho, ezinamafutha aqaqambileyo, amanqatha anamafutha acid, ii-polyamides, i-phosphae, i-phosphane, kunye nee-phofoone ze-silicone ezisetyenziswayo njengee-defoamers.

(4) I-Foam kunye nokucoca

Isixa sempumlo asihambelani ngqo ngokusebenza ngokusebenza kakuhle; I-foam engakumbi ayithethi ukuba icocekile ngcono. Umzekelo, i-ofisi ye-noinic inokuthi ivelise i-foam engaphantsi kunesepha, kodwa inokuba inobukrelekrele obukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezithile, i-Folam inokunceda ukususwa kobumdaka; Umzekelo, ukugwetywa kokuhlamba izitya ezincedayo ekuthwaleni igrisi, ngelixa iikhaphethi ezicoca ivumela igwebu ukususa ubumdaka kunye nokungcoliseka komdaka. Ngaphezu koko, uJuam unokubonisa ukusebenza kwesicoci; Igrisi enamafutha amaninzi idla ngokuthintela ukubekwa kwe-bubble, kubangela ukungabikho kwe-foam okanye ukunciphisa i-foam ekhoyo, ebonisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukongeza, uJuam unokusebenza njengesalathiso sokucoceka kwe-rinsing, njengamanqanaba obuxoki ngamanzi asezantsi ahlala enqumleza ngoxinzelelo oluphambili.

I-09 yokuhlamba inkqubo

Ngokuthetha ngokuthetha, ukuhlamba yinkqubo yokususa izinto ezingafunekiyo kwinto ecocwe ukuze afezekise injongo ethile. Kwimigaqo eqhelekileyo, ukuhlamba kubhekisa ekususweni kobumdaka kumphezulu womphathi. Ngexesha lokuhlamba, izinto ezithile zekhemikhali (njengokucoca) isenzo sokwenza buthathaka okanye ukuphelisa ukusebenzisana phakathi komdaka kunye nomphathi, ukuguqula ulwahlulo, ukuvumela ukwahlulwa kwabo. Ngenxa yokuba izinto zicocwe kwaye ubumdaka obufuna ukushenxiswa bungahluka kakhulu, ukuhlamba yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, enokwenziwa lula kubudlelwane obulandelayo:

I-Carriers Inkqubo yokuhlamba inokuthi yahlulwe yangamanqanaba amabini:

1. Ubumdaka bahlukaniswe nomphathi ophetheyo phantsi kwesenzo somthi;

I-2. Ukungcola okwahluliweyo kuyasasazeka kwaye kunqunyanyisiwe kwi-Peper. Inkqubo yokuhlamba iguqukayo, intsingiselo yokusasazeka okanye ubumdaka obunqunyanyisiweyo bunokuhlala buphinda buzinze i-positine into ecocekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, izicoci ezisebenzayo azifuni kuphela amandla okungcola kumphangi kodwa nako ukusasaza kwaye zinqumle ukungcola, ukuthintela ukusuka ekuthini.

(1) iintlobo zokungcola

Nokuba into enye inokuqokelela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, iingoma, kunye nezixa zobumdaka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yayo yokusetyenziswa. Ukungcola ioyile kubandakanya ikakhulu kwi-oyile eyahlukeneyo kunye neoyile yezimbiwa (njengeoyile yeminerali (njengeoyile ye-oyile, ioyile ye-oyile, i-Coal, njl.); Ubumdaka obuqinileyo buquka umbandela ofana ne-gooot, uthuli, ukrwada, kunye nekhabhoni emnyama. Ngokuphathelele ukungcola kwempahla, kungavela kwimicimbi yabantu njenge-sweat, sebum, negazi; amabala ahambelana nokutya njengeziqhamo okanye amabala ee-oyile kunye nezixhobo; Intsalela evela kwi-cosmetics njenge-lipstick kunye ne-nail ye-selish; Iingcongconi ezifana nomsi, uthuli, kunye nomhlaba; Kwaye amabala ongezelelweyo njenge-inki, iti, kunye nepeyinti. Olu lwazi lumdaka lunokuhlelwa ngokubanzi ukuba luhlelwe ukuba luqinile, ulwelo, kunye neentlobo ezikhethekileyo.

① Umdaka oqinileyo Ubumdaka obuqinileyo bunganyibiliki kangako emanzini kodwa bungasasazeka kwaye banqunyanyisiwe kwizitolo. Amasuntswana amancinci kune-0.1μm onokuba ngumceli mngeni ukuyisusa.

② Ukungcola kwe-flule: Ezi zibandakanya izinto ezinamafutha eziziintsika, ezibandakanya ioyile yezilwanyana, amanqatha anamafutha, amanqatha amanqatha, iioyile zemijelo, nee-oyile zabo. Ngelixa isilwanyana kunye neoyile yemifuno kunye namafutha anamafutha anokusabela nge-alkalis ukwenza i-soaps, i-fatty yotywala kunye nee-oyile zezimbiwa, kwaye zinokukhutshelwa kwaye zisasazwe zizisombululo. Ubumdaka obunqabileyo buhlala bunamalungelo ngokuqinileyo kwizinto ezinamafutha ngenxa yokunxibelelana okuqinileyo.

③ Ubumdaka obukhethekileyo: Eli luhlu liquka iiproteni, i-starches, igazi, kunye nezifiso zabantu njengokubila kunye nomchamo, kunye neejusi ze-tia. Ezi zixhobo zihlala zibophelela ngokuqinileyo kwiintsinga ngokusebenzisana nemichiza, zenza ukuba kube nzima ukuhlamba. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokungcola azifane zikho ngokuzimeleyo, kunokuba zidibane kunye kwaye zibambelele ngokudibeneyo kwimiphezulu. Rhoqo, phantsi kwamachaphaza angaphandle, ubumdaka bunokusebenza, ukubola, okanye ukubola, ukuvelisa iindlela ezintsha zokungcola.

(2) Ukunamathela kumdaka

Umdaka unamathele kwizinto ezifana nempahla kunye nolusu ngenxa yokunxibelelana okuthile phakathi kwento kunye nobumdaka. Amandla okunetha phakathi kokungcola kwaye into inokubangelwa kukhethwa komzimba okanye yemichiza.

① Adsion Worth Onesion: Umlinganiso we-Dot of Isoot, uthuli, kunye nodaka ubukhulu becala lubandakanya ukusebenzisana komzimba obuthathaka. Ngokubanzi, ezi ntlobo zobumdaka zinokususwa ngokulula ngenxa yokunamathela kwabo ubuthathaka, ezivela ikakhulu kwimikhosi yoomatshini okanye kwimimandla ye-elektrostatic.

A: I-Adhesion yoomatshini **: Oku kubhekisa kubumdaka obuqinileyo njengothuli okanye isanti ehambelana ngeendlela zoomatshini, nangona kulula ukuzisusa, nangona amasuntswana amancinci angaphantsi kwe-0.1μ kunzima ukucoca.

B: I-Elecheritic Adherions **: Oku kubandakanya amasuntswana angcolileyo anxibelelana nezixhobo ezihlawulelwayo ngokubhekisele; Izinto ezixhaphakileyo, izinto ezinamaqhina ziphethe iindleko ezimbi, zibavumela ukuba batsalele iminxeba enamatyala njengeetyuwa ezithile. Abanye abantu ababizelwe kakubi bakwazi ukuqokelela kwezi fibers nge-Ionic Bridges eyenziwe ngee-ions ezifanelekileyo kwisisombululo.

I-Chemical Adhesion: Oku kubhekisa kubumdaka obumbethelela kwinto esebenzisa imichiza yekhemikhali. Umzekelo, ubumdaka obuqinileyo obuqinileyo okanye izixhobo ezinomdaka othi run zidla ngokulandela ngokuqinileyo ngenxa yebhondi yekhemikhali ezenziwe ngamaqela asebenza njenge-carboxyl, i-hydroxyl, okanye amaqela e-hydroxyl, okanye amaqela e-amine ave kwizinto ezinamafutha. Ezi bonds zenza unxibelelwano olunamandla, lwenza kube nzima ukususa ubumdaka obunjalo; Unyango olukhethekileyo lunokuba yimfuneko ukuze ucoceke kakuhle. Iqondo lokuhlambela elimdaka lixhomekeke kuzo zombini iipropathi zodaka ngokwayo kunye nezo zomphezulu azinamathela khona.

(3) iindlela zokususwa komdaka

Injongo yokuhlamba kukuphelisa ubumdaka. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa izenzo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zezicotho zokwenza buthathaka okanye ukuphelisa ukunamathela phakathi kwengcongconi kunye nezinto ezihlanjiweyo, zincediswa yimikhosi yoomatshini, okanye ifuthe lokuhlambela), ekugqibeleni lukhokelela ekuphumeni kobumdaka.

I-Mechasm ye-Dell Dell Ukususwa

A: Ukumanzi: Uninzi loburharha obunamafutha kwaye buyamanzi kwizinto ezinamafutha ezahlukeneyo, zenza ifilimu ye-oill phezu komphezulu wabo. Inyathelo lokuqala lokuhlamba yisenzo sokucoca esibangela ukuba imanzi.
B: Indlela yokufotsa ye-oyile yokususwa kweoyile: inyathelo lesibini lodaka lwenzeka ngenkqubo ye-rollup. Ubumdaka obungamanzi obusasaza njengefilimu kumphezulu ohamba ngokuthe ngcembe buye ematyaleni ngenxa yokuthathwa komhlaba wokuhlamba umhlaba, ekugqibeleni kuthathelwe indawo yolwelo lwefibul.

I-Mechanism yoMdaka oqinileyo

Ngokungafaniyo nokungcola kolwelo I-adsorvoction ye-surfaccapes kumphezulu wobumdaka obuqinileyo kwaye umthwali unciphisa amandla abo okunxibelelana, ngaloo ndlela esenza amandla okubulala amasuntswana, esenza ukuba kube lula ukususa. Ngaphaya koko, i-surficapes, ngakumbi i-Ionic ye-Ionic, inokunyusa amandla ombane omdaka oqinileyo kunye nezinto ezingaphezulu komhlaba, ukuqhubela phambili ukususwa.

I-noinic yosulelo idla ngokuqhuba i-adsorb kwindawo ebiyelwe ngokubanzi kwaye inokwenza umaleko obonakalayo, okhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuncipha kobumdaka. I-Cusic Surephocapecapes, nangona kunjalo, inokunciphisa amandla ombane omdaka kunye nomphezulu ophathwayo, okhokelela ekunciphiseni ukurhoxisa kunye nokutsala ukususwa komdaka.

Ukususwa kobumdaka obukhethekileyo

Izitolo eziqhelekileyo zinokuzabalaza ngamabala anenkani kwiiproteni, ii-rolas, igazi, kunye nendawo emzimbeni. I-enzymes efana neProtease inokususa ngokufanelekileyo amabala eprotein ngokuphulukana neeprotein zehla kwi-amine acid okanye pepties. Ngokufanayo, ii-starches zinokuthanjiswa kweswekile yi-amdlase. Iilwimi zinokukunceda ukuhambisa i-TriacylglylglyllilGolglGorlGralGortrosglglyllils Amabala ejusi yeziqhamo, iti, okanye i-inki ngamanye amaxesha ifuna iiarhente zokuchaphazeleka okanye i-oved, ezisabela ngamaqela avelisa imibala ukuze azingcolise iziqwengana zamanzi amaninzi.

(4) Indlela yokucoca eyomileyo

Amanqaku achazwe ngasentla atyhutyha ngokuhlamba ngamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokwahluka kweendwangu, ezinye izinto zinokungaphenduli kakuhle ukuhlamba amanzi, ezikhokelela kwisfesformation, imibala ekhokelela, njl njl. Ngenxa yoko, ukucocwa kowomileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa izinyibilikisi, zihlala zikhethwa kwezi zinto zichaziweyo.

Ukucocwa kowomileyo kukho inyamakazi efanayo ngokuthelekiswa nokuhlamba amanzi, njengoko inciphisa isenzo soomatshini esinokulimaza iimpahla. Ngomdaka osebenzayo wokucoca kucoceko owomileyo, ubumdaka buhlelwe kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili:

① Umdaka onyibilikayo we-oyile: Oku kubandakanya ioyile kunye namafutha, anyibilikiswe ngokulula kwizinyithi ezomileyo zokucoca.

② Ubumdaka obunyibilikayo wamanzi: Olu hlobo lunokunyibilikisa emanzini kodwa hayi kwizinyithi ezomileyo zokucoca, ezibandakanya iityuwa, iitayile, ezinokukhalimela njengamanzi.

③ Ukungcola kweoyile- okanye ukunyibilika kwamanzi: Oku kubandakanya izinto ezinjengekhabhoni emnyama kunye nentsimbi yentsimbi engayinyibilikisi.

Uhlobo lomdaka ngamnye lufuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokususwa okusebenzayo ngexesha lokucoca owomileyo. Ukungcola kwe-ioyile kususwe ngendlela ye-onlourgic usebenzisa izinyibilikisi zezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokungazimiseli kwabo ngokugqwesileyo kwi-nopopular. Amabala anyibilikayo amanzi anyibilikayo, amanzi afanelekileyo kufuneka abekhona kwi-arhente yokucoca eyomileyo kuba amanzi ebaluleke kakhulu ekususweni komdaka. Ngelishwa, kuba amanzi anesifo esincinci kwiiarhente zowomileyo, i-surfcantints zihlala zongezwa ukunceda ukudibanisa amanzi.

I-sundocactives yomeleza isikhundla sommeli wearhente yokucoca amanzi kunye noncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukubethelwa kwamanzi okungcola kwamanzi ngaphakathi milles. Ukongeza, i-surficapes ingathintela ubumdaka ekwenzeni iidipozithi ezintsha emva kokuhlamba, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukongezwa kwamanzi kubalulekile ekushenxiseni ezi zinto ziphangeneyo, kodwa imali eninzi ingakhokelela kwi-digricricric, oko kuyanyanzela umxholo wamanzi olungeleleneyo kwizisombululo ezomileyo.

(5) Izinto eziphembelela isenzo sokuhlamba

I-adsorvoction ye-surfacapes kwi-inctSlocants kunye nesiphumo sokuncitshiswa kwembambano ebaluleke kakhulu ekususeni ulwelo okanye ubumdaka obuqinileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlamba kuyintsomi, kuphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi ngeendlela zendlela efanayo. Ezi zinto zibandakanya ukugxininiswa kwesimilo, ubushushu, iipropathi ezingcolileyo, iintlobo zefayibha, kunye ne-fatric.

① Ukugxininiswa kwe-surfacants: Imilukini eyenziwe nge-surfacapes idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlanjuleni. Ukuhlanjwa okusebenzayo kuyandiswa ngokumangalisayo xa uxinaniso lugqitha uxinzelelo lwe-mielle (CMC), ngenxa yoko ukucocwa kuya kusetyenziswa kugxininiso ngaphezulu kwe-CMC ukuze ihlanjwe ngempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ugxininiso oluqhekilisayo ngaphezulu ngaphezulu kwe-CMC Live Linciva lokunciphisa imbuyekezo, esenza uxinzelelo olungafanelekanga.

② Iziphumo zobushushu: Iqondo lobushushu linempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle. Ngokubanzi, ubushushu obuphezulu buxhasa ukususwa komdaka; Nangona kunjalo, ubushushu obugqithisileyo bunokuba neziphumo ezibi. Ukuphakamisa amaqondo obushushu afune ukubonelela ngokusasaza okungcolileyo kwaye kunokubangela ubumdaka obunamafutha ukuba bunyuse ngokulula. Ukanti, kwiilaphu ezilokiweyo, ubushushu obandayo bokwenza i-fibers zidumbe zinokunciphisa ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kwempumelelo.

Ukuguquguquka kweqondo lobushushu likwachaphazela ukuzahlula-hlumayo, i-CMC, kunye noMielle Bala, ngenxa yoko ukuphembelela ukuphembelela ukusebenza kokucoca. Kwiindawo ezininzi ze-suin-chain, amaqondo obushushu asezantsi aqhubela ukuzolula, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphantsi kwe-CMC yabo; Ke, ukufudumeza ngokufanelekileyo kunokuba ngumsebenzi olungileyo. Impembelelo kubushushu kwi-CMC kunye nemiluts yahlukile kwi-Ionic Premploganation: Ukunyusa amaqondo obushushu aphakamisa i-CMC ye-Ionic ye-Ionic, ngaloo ndlela efuna uhlengahlengiso loxinzelelo.

③ I-foam: Kukho imbono ephosakeleyo ephosakeleyo ephawulekayo ngokuhlamba impumelelo-i-foam engaphezulu engalinganiyo. Ubungqina bobungqina bucebisa ukuba ukucocwa komgangatho ophantsi kunokusebenza ngokulinganayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-foam inganceda ukususwa komdaka kwizicelo ezithile, njengokuhlanjwa, apho kunceda khona i-fishercerce okanye ekucoceni kwekhaphethi, apho iphakamisa ubumdaka. Ngapha koko, ubukho bobugorha bunokubonisa ukuba iyasebenza na? Igrisi egqithisileyo inokuthintela ukubekwa kwe-foam, ngelixa ukunciphisa i-foam ibonisa ukugxininiswa okucocekileyo.

Uhlobo lwe-fiber fiber kunye ne-Teppele: Ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sekhemikhali, imbonakalo kunye nombutho wamafutha obambelele ubumdaka obungcolileyo kunye nobunzima bokususa. Iintsinga ezinezakhi ezirhabaxa okanye eziflethi, njengoboya okanye i-cotton, zithambekele ukungcola okubi ngakumbi kuneentsinga ezigudileyo. Iilaphu ezinovakalelo oluzisondeleyo zinokuqala ukuxhathisa ukuqokelela ubumdaka kodwa zinokuthintela ukuhlamba okusebenzayo ngenxa yokufikelela kumdaka.

⑤ Ubunzima bamanzi: Ukugxila kweCa²⁺, Mg²⁺, kunye nezinye iinyibiba ze-itallic zinefuthe lokuhlamba, ngakumbi kwi-anionic sunzo sunzo, enokwenza i-stane ye-anic encitshisiweyo. Kumanzi anzima nokuba ngoxinzelelo olwaneleyo lokuxinana, ukucoca ukusebenza kwempumelelo kuphawulwe kumanzi awotwayo. Ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, ukugxininiswa kweCa²⁺ kufuneka kuncitshiswe ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-1 × 10⁻⁶ mol / l (caco₃ engezantsi 0.1 MG / L), ihlala inyanzelisa ukuqhutywa kweearhente zokuthambisa amanzi ngaphakathi kwemigaqo yokuthambisa amanzi ngaphakathi kwemigaqo yokuthambisa amanzi ngaphakathi kwefomu yokutshutshiswa kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwefomu yokutshutshiswa kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwefomu yokutshutshiswa kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwefomu yokutshutshiswa kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwefomu yokutshutshiswa kwamanzi.