Iziqulatho zeli nqaku:
1. Ukuphuhliswa kwee-Amino Acids
2. Iipropathi zesakhiwo
3. Ubume bemichiza
4.Ukuziswa kwakhona
I-5. Synthesis
I-6. Iipropathi ze-phricochemical
7. Ityhefu
8. Umsebenzi we-antimicrobial
I-9. Iipropathi zeRheOology
I-10. Izicelo kuShishino lweCosmetic
11. Izicelo kwi-cosmetics yemihla ngemihla
I-amino acid surfaction (AAS)Ngaba iklasi ye-surfacapes eyenziwe ngokudibanisa amaqela e-hydrophobic kunye ne-amino acid enye okanye engaphezulu. Kule meko, i-acino acids inokwenziwa okanye ivela kwi-prothein hydrolysses okanye imithombo efanayo ehlaziyiweyo. Eli phepha libandakanya iinkcukacha zeyona ndlela ikhoyo ye-AAS ye-AAS kunye nefuthe leendlela ezahlukeneyo zemveliso yemveliso, kubandakanya ukubenzela iziqula, ukuzinza, ukusasazeka, ubuncwane kunye ne-biodeododiance. Njengeklasi ye-surfacapes ekwandiseni ibango, ukutshintsha kwe-AAS ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo esiguquguqukayo sinika inani elikhulu lamathuba orhwebo.
Ngenxa yokuba loo thintelelo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizinto zokucoca, i-enulsisiers, i-Intersion ethintela, ukubuyisela i-Eriprion Accounter, ukubuyisela i-Eripries ePries kunye namayeza, abaphandi abakaze bayeke ukunikela ingqalelo kwi-surfacants.
I-surfacapes zezona mveliso zimele iikhemikhali ezityiwayo zininzi kakhulu imihla ngemihla kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ziye zaba nefuthe elibi kwindawo yasemanzini.Izifundo zibonakalise ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-surfacants yemveli kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Namhlanje, ukungabi nabukrelekrele, u-biodegradiance kunye nokubaluleka kwe-biomatise phantse kubalulekile kubathengi njengabasebenzi kunye nokusebenza kwe-surfcants.
I-biosurflopes ye-surfgeeds yendalo enobuhlobo enziwa ngokwemvelo yimicroorganis efana ne-microorganis, ifungi kunye negwele, okanye ifihliwe ngokungaqhelekanga.Ke ngoko, i-biosurfricapes inokulungiswa ngoyilo lwe-molecular ukulinganisa izakhiwo zendalo, ezinjenge-phospholipids, ialkyl Glycossides kunye ne-Acino Amino Acid.
I-amino acid surfaction (AAS)yenye ye-surfucals eqhelekileyo, idla ngokuveliswa kwizilwanyana okanye kwizinto eziluhlaza ezomeleleyo. Kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo, i-AAAS itsalele umdla omkhulu kwizazinzulu njengezixhobo zeNoves, kodwa kungenxa yokuba i-AAS iyadibaniswa kwaye ingabakho kwindalo esingqongileyo.
I-AAS inokuchazwa njengeklasi ye-surfacints equka amaqela e-Amino Acid equka amaqela e-Amino Acid (Ho 2 C Imimandla emi-2 esebenzayo ye-Amino Acids ivumela ukugxothwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-surfcants. Zizonke iiprotenoic ze-Amino ezisemgangathweni ze-Amino ze-Amino ziziwa ukuba zikhona ngokwendalo kwaye zinoxanduva lwazo zonke izinto ezenziwayo ngomzimba ekukhuleni nasemisebenzini wobomi. Bahluke komnye kuphela ngokwe-ntsalela r (umzobo 1, Pk A yilogo engalunganga ye-acid i-acid ixhaphakile isisombululo). Abanye abangeyiyo i-Holar kunye ne-hydrophobic, ezinye zinguPorolar kunye ne-hyddrophilic, ezinye zisisiseko kwaye ezinye ziyi-acidic.
Kungenxa yokuba i-amino acids zidibene, i-surficapes idityaniswe kwi-Amino Acids inakho ukubakho ukuze uzinze kwaye ube nobuntu. Ulwakhiwo olulula nelinendalo, ubuncwane obuphantsi kwaye buyeyona nto iphambili ye-biodegradiance biodeode ihlala iphakamile kunezinto eziqhelekileyo. Sebenzisa izinto ezingafunekiyo (umzekelo, i-acino acid kunye neoyile yemifuno), ii-AAS ziveliswa ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji kunye neendlela zekhemikhali.
Kwinkulungwane yama-20, i-Amino Acids yafunyanwa kuqala isetyenziswa njengemigangatho ye-synthes ye-surfacants.I-AAS yayisetyenziswa ikakhulu njengezilondolozo kwindawo yamayeza kunye ne-cosmetic.Ukongeza, ii-AAS zafunyanwa zisebenza ngokuchasene neendidi ezibangela izifo, amathumba, nakwintsholongwane. Ngo-1988, ukufumaneka kwe-AAAS-Ixabiso ePhazulu le-AAS evelisiweyo evelisiweyo kumsebenzi womphezulu. Namhlanje, ngokuphuhliswa kwe-biotechnology, ezinye ii-acino Acids ziyakwazi ukwenziwa korhwebo kwindawo enkulu ye-GATER, engqina ngokungathanga ngqo ukuba imveliso ye-AAS inobuhlobo ngakumbi.
I-01 Ukuphuhliswa kwee-Amino Acids
Kwangoko kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, xa kwafunyanwa i-Amino Acids yemvelo, izakhiwo zalo zaxelwa kwangaphambili ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu - zisebenziseka njengezixhobo zolwaphulo-mthetho zokulungiselela. Isifundo sokuqala kwi-synthesis ye-AAS yaxelwa nguBond ngo-1909.
Kwelo phando, i-N-Acylglycine kunye ne-N-Acylalanine yaziswa njengeqela le-hydrophilic le-surfacapes. Umsebenzi olandelayo wabandakanya i-synthesine ye-lipoamino Acids (AAS) usebenzisa i-glycine kunye ne-alenine, nehentrich et al. upapashe uluhlu lweziphumo,kubandakanya nesicelo sokuqala sepatent, ekusebenziseni i-Acyl sarcodinate kunye ne-ACyl i-acyl i-acty altatetate njengeemveliso zokucoca amakhaya (umzekelo, i-shamps, izitshisi kunye namazinyo).Emva koko, abaninzi abaphandi baphanda i-synthesies kunye nezamayeza ye-procericmac ye-ACYL AIIA AIDS. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umzimba omkhulu woncwadi upapashiwe kwiSynthesi, iipropathi, izicelo zeshishini kunye ne-biodeidodye ye-AAS.
I-02 yezakhiwo
I-HotDrophobic engekho phantsi kwe-hydrophobic amafutha acid ye-AAs inokwahluka kwisakhiwo, ubude be-chain kunye nenombolo.Ukwahluka kwesakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi ophezulu we-AAS Chaza ukwahluka kwazo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-procekochemical kunye ne zemo yendalo. Amaqela entloko yeaas aqulunqwe i-amino acids okanye i-peptides. Umahluko kumaqela entloko chaza i-adsorvotion, i-agegregared kunye neyendalo yebhayoloji yale suntfcapecants. Amaqela aSebenzayo kwiQela eliPhezulu emva koko chaza uhlobo lwe-AAS, kubandakanya i-curicic, i-anainic, ne-amphotec. Ukudityaniswa kwee-amino ze-hydrophilic amino kunye nezahlulo ze-hydrophobic ixesha elide zenza isakhiwo se-ampringshili esenza imolekyuli yomhlaba isebenza. Ukongeza, ubukho be-asymmetric carbon kwimolekyuli inceda ekwenzeni iimolekyuli zasendle.
I-03 yekhemikhali
Zonke izikhonkwane kunye ne-polypepepetions ziimveliso zePolymeri zokugcwalisa kwezi phantse ezingama-20 zeproproinegenic α-amino acid. Zonke ii-apids ezingama-20 ze-Amino Acid zine-carboxyylic acid yeqela (-Cooh) kunye neqela le-Amino (-NH 2), bobabini baqhotyoshelwe kwi-Atom ye-α. I-Amino Acids yahluke nganye nganye ngamaqela ahlukeneyo e-R eqhotyoshelwe kwi-α-carbon (ngaphandle kwe-LYCINIne, apho iqela le-RYDRENE lingahluka kwisakhiwo, ubungakanani kunye ne-acidity, ialkality). Lo mahluko kukwachonga ukwahlukana kwee-amino acid emanzini.
I-Amino Acids i-chiral (ngaphandle kwe-gubcine) kwaye isebenza ngendalo ngokwemvelo kuba zineempawu ezine ezahlukeneyo ezinxibelelene ne-alpha carbon. I-Amino Acids ineendlela ezimbini ezinokubakho; Ayizizo imifanekiso engagungqiyo, ngaphandle kwento yokuba inani le-L-stereoisors liphezulu kakhulu. I-R-Groud ekhoyo kwezinye ii-acid (i-phenylalanine, eTyrosine kunye ne-tryptophan) yi-Aryptphan, ekhokelela kwi-Arryl, ekhokelela kwi-Ackert eNkulu ye-UV nge-280 NM. I-acidic α-cooh kunye ne-α-nh 2 kwii-Amino Acids ikwazi ukufezekisa i-ionsus, kwaye zombini i-stereoisors, nakuphi, ukwakha ulinganiso lwe-ionicrium eboniswe ngezantsi.
I-R-cohsh ↔r-↔-+ HMoya
R-nh3Moya↔r-nh2+ HMoya
As shown in the ionization equilibrium above, amino acids contain at least two weakly acidic groups; Nangona kunjalo, iqela lebhokisi yebhokisi ye-carboxyl lingaphezulu kakhulu i-acidic xa kuthelekiswa neqela eliqaqambileyo le-am. Iqela lebhokisi ye-carboxyl libonisa ngelixa iqela le-amno likhutshiwe. Ama-Amino Acids anamaqela angezizo ezingezizo ezingezizo ze-i-Ionely abangathathi cala kule ph kwaye yi-zewiterion.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-04
I-AAS inokubekwa ngokweenqobo ezine, ezichazwe ngezantsi.
4.1 Ngokwemvelaphi
| Ngokwemvelaphi, i-AAS inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezi-2 ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Udidi lwendalo Ezinye zeendawo zenzeka ngokwendalo eziqukethe i-Amino Acid ikwanakho ukunciphisa umphezulu / ukudityaniswa kobunzima, kwaye ezinye zigqithe ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-glycolcopids. Ezi aas zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-lipoperepetdes. I-Lipoperepetides iphantsi kweemolekyuli zemolekyuli eziphantsi, zihlala ziveliswa ziintlobo zezilwanyana ze-bacilus.
I-AAS enjalo yahlulwe yaba zi-3 ze-subcalles:I-Surfackin, iTurin kunye ne-fengycin.
|
| Intsapho ye-peptides esebenzayo esebenzayo ingezela ngokwahlukahluka kweentlobo zezinto ezahlukeneyo,Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 2A, apho i-C12-C16 engabanini) ye-chadroxy fatty subty inxulumene nePeptikude. I-Peptide esebenzayo-i-Peptide yi-MACOCYCALIC i-macrocleccic apho iringi ivaliwe yi-catalysis ephakathi kwe-C-themibus ye-β-hydroxy fatty acid kunye nepeptide. Kwi-subclass ye-Itrin, kukho izinto ezithandathu eziphambili, ebizwa ngokuba yiTurin A kunye ne-C, Mycosubtilin kunye ne-Mycosubtin D, F kunye l.Kuzo zonke iimeko, ihekipepepepepepepeption ihambelana ne-C14 C17 imixokelelwane ye-β-amino Fatty acid (amakhonkco anokwahluka). Kwimeko ye-Ekrimycins, iqela le-amino kwi-β-pime linokwenza i-amilbond ye-amil kunye ne-C-phegis yenze isakhiwo se-macrocyccc.
I-Sublilass Fengycin iqulethe i-fengycin A kunye ne-B, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-lipiastatotin xa i-tyr9 icwangcisiwe.I-DeCapeptide idityaniswa ne-C14 -c18 -C18 egxunyekwe okanye engadibaniki-β-hydroxy fatty acid. Ngokwesakhiwo, i-sellipustatin ikwayintombazana ye-macrocycc, equkethe i-chain esecaleni kwe-Tyr kwi-3 yokulandelelana kwe-Peptide kwaye yenze indawo ye-C-terstal resar, njengoko kunjalo kwi-pseudmonas yangaphakathi ye-pseudomonas i-lipopepetdes).
Udidi lwe-Sybitic I-AAS inakho ukwenziwa ngokusebenzisa nayiphi na i-acidic, esisiseko nengathathi hlangothi. I-Amino Acids eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa i-AAS yi-AASTutamic Acid, iSerine, i-proline, i-aspartic acid, i-epreline, i-alanine, kunye neprotein hydrolyses. Le subclass ye-surfcapes inokulungiswa ngeemichiza, i-encyzmatic, kunye neendlela zeCemoenic; Nangona kunjalo, ukuveliswa kwe-AAS, i-synthesis yekhemikhali inokwenzeka kwezoqoqosho. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya n-laroyl-l-glutamic acid acid-l-l-l-l-glutamic acid.
|
4.2 Ngokusekwe kwi-Alipatic Chain
Ngokusekwe kwi-Aliichatic Chain Priin, i-Amino Acid-esekwe kwi-amino acid inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini.
Ngokwesikhundla sendawo yokuhlala
| I-AAS ye-①n Kwi-N-PREATITS PROOGS, iqela le-amno lithatyathelwa indawo yeqela le-lipophilic okanye iqela lebhokisi lebhokisi, elibangela ilahleko yesisiseko. Umzekelo olula we-AAS endaweni ye-N-ACYL Amino Acid, eyokhosa i-anaonic surfacints. I-AAS endaweni ye-N-STAT inamanzi amdaka aqhotyoshelwe phakathi kwe-hydrophobic kunye ne-hydrophilic yezahlulo. I-amil bond inamandla okwenza i-hydrogen bond, eyenza ukonakaliswa kolu susfagent kwimeko ye-acidic, ngaloo ndlela kukwenza i-biodegrade.
I-AAS-endaweni ye-AAS Kwimilinganiselo ye-C-endaweni ye-C I-C-PREAPS ePhentelweyo ye-C
③n- kunye ne-AAS ye-C-S-AAS Kolu hlobo lwe-surfacnt, zombini amaqela e-Amino kunye ne-carboxyl yinxalenye ye-hydrophilic. Olu hlobo luyinto eqhelekileyo i-ampphoteracy. |
4.3 Ngokwenani lemisila ye-hydrophobic
Ngokusekwe kwinani lamaqela entloko kunye nemisila ye-hydrophobic, i-AAS inokwahlulwa ibe ngamaqela amane. I-chain riin aas, gemini (dimer) Uhlobo lwe-AAS, i-Glycelliid yohlobo lwe-AAS, kunye ne-Biceringhicilic (Bola) Chwetheza i-AAS. I-chan-chain ye-chain ye-chain yi-surfacapes equka i-Amino Acid kuphela umsila omnye kuphela (umzobo 3). I-Gemini yohlobo lwe-AAS ineentloko ezimbini ze-Amino Amino Amino Amino Acid kunye ne-hydrophobic ezimbini ze-hydrophobic kwimolekyuli (umzobo 4). Kolu hlobo lwesakhiwo, ezi zi-AAS zidibeneyo zidibene zidibene ngomgaqo kwaye zibizwa ngokuba zi-dimrs. Kwi-gelycelimid yohlobo lwe-AAS, kwelinye icala, imisila emibini ye-hydrophobic iqhotyoshelwe kwiqela elinye le-Amino Acid. Ezi ntshukumo zinokuthathwa njenge-alogs ze-monoglycering, i-Digalycercerides kunye nePhosphelipid, ngelixa i-Aas ye-AAF, amaqela amabini entloko adityaniswe ngumsila we-hydrophobic.
4.4 Ngokohlobo lweqela lentloko
I-AAS
Iqela lentloko lolu hlobo losulelo linetyala elifanelekileyo. I-AAS ye-aas yokuqala ye-Ethyl Cocoyl inyanzelekile, eyi-PyAludone Carboad. Ipropathi eyahlukileyo neyahlukeneyo yale surfadent yenza ukuba iluncedo kubahlali, iiarhente ze-antimicroial, iiarhente zeenwele, kunye nokuthamba emehlweni kunye nolusu kwaye ziphinde zixabiseke. I-Singland kunye ne-Mhatre ye-Argic esekwe kwi-Argicine-esekwe kwi-AAS CORGIC kwaye iphonononge iiPropathi zeRisterical yazo. Kolu phononongo, babanga izivuno eziphakamileyo zeemveliso ezifunyenwe besebenzisa iimeko zokuphendula kwe-Bauminn. Ngobude obunyukayo be-alkyl chain kunye ne-hydrophobicty, umsebenzi ophezulu we-surfactunt wafunyanwa ukwanda kunye nokuxinana okubalulekileyo (CMC) ukuncipha. Enye le yiproteyini ye-ACYL ye-ACYL, esetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa promotioner kwiimveliso zononophelo lweenwele.
I-AAS
Kwi-ANion Surfints, iqela lentloko yentloko ye-surfacnt inesityholo esingalunganga. I-Sarcosine (Ch 3 -Nh-Ch 2 -Cooh, N-Methylglycine), i-Amino Acid ifumaneka kwi-vlchins kunye neenkwenkwezi zolwandle, i-shem 2 -Cooh 2 -CoW, I-SHOOW,) ihambelana nekhemikhali kwi-gelycine, eyi-Amino acid esisiseko ifunyenwe kwiiseli zeMammalian. I-Lauric Acid, Tetradecanoic Acid, Oleic Acid kunye neeHalides zabo kunye nee-esters zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuqesha i-Sarcovinate surcodinate surcovintate surcodicants. I-sarcosinates inobulali kwaye ke isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimithambo, i-shampoos, i-shampres, i-shamy yokucheba, ilanga, i-Sunscreens, i-SKINSSERSE, kunye nezinye iimveliso zeCosmetic.
Enye i-Aneioric ekhoyo ye-Aneion ANASS iquka i-Amisoft Cs-22 kunye neAmlitegck-12, amagama orhwebo ye-sodium n-cocoyl-l-glyutamate kunye ne-potlium giltinate, ngokulandelelana. I-Amilte isetyenziswa njengearhente yokuthintela, isicoci, i-sloubizer kunye nezicelo ezininzi, impahla yokuhlambela, icoca, icoca i-cheaps, nxibelelana nelensile. I-Amisoft isetyenziswa njengolusu olunobulali kunye nokucoceka kweenwele, ikakhulu kubuso bobuso kunye nomzimba, ibhlokhi yokucoca, iimveliso zononophelo lomzimba, iimveliso zokhathalelo lomkhuhlane.
I-③zwiterinicic okanye i-ampphoteraic aas
I-Ampphoteric surfudicaments iqulethe zombini iindawo ze-acidic kunye nezisiseko kwaye ke zinokutshintsha ityala labo ngokutshintsha ixabiso le-pH. Kwi-Alkaline Media baziphatha njenge-antic sunzo sunzo, ngelixa kwiindawo ze-acidic abaziphethe njenge-curpicapes kunye nemithombo yeendaba engathathi hlangothi njenge-amphoteraccals. I-Lauryl Lysine (LL) kunye ne-Alkoedy (2-Hydroxypropy) I-Argigine kuphela i-Amphoryine kuphela i-Amphoryids e-AmphoryIARDES. I-ll yimveliso ye-protine kunye ne-laric acid. Ngenxa yemozulu ye-ampphoryc, i-ll ingena phantse zonke iintlobo zezinyibilikisi, ngaphandle kwe-alkaline okanye i-acidic. Njengomgubo wezinto eziphilayo, i-ll inomzimba ogqwesileyo kwi-hydrophilic fival kunye ne-coandetion ephantsi yokuxabana, ukunika lo msebenzi ugqwesileyo. I-ll isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiikhrim zekhusi kunye neenwele zeenwele, kwaye ikwasetyenziswa njengeoyile.
I-AAS
I-Noinic surfacnts iphawulwa ngamaqela entloko yentloko ngaphandle kweendleko ezisemthethweni. I-SABAXY STAXY STAGSEARDES STAGESS ilungiselelwe ngu-al-sabaght et al. ukusuka kwi-oyile-amino acid. Kule nkqubo, i-phenylalanine (i-lep) kwaye i-L-L-L-L-L-L-L-L-L-L-LISIN yaqala yaqalwa nge-hexadecanol, ilandelwa ngu-Amivice acid ukuba inike ezimbini kunye ne-EATES ye-AICID AID. I-Amissies kunye ne-Esters ke, i-Adylene oxide ilungiselela i-phenylalanine ye-phenylalanine ineenombolo ezahlukeneyo ze-Polyoxyylene yeeyunithi (40, 60 ne-100). Ezi as ze-ANAICIC zifunyenwe zinokuvuselelwa kunye nokwenza iipropathi.
05 Synthesis
5.1 Indlela esisiseko yeyokutyumba
Kwi-AAS, amaqela e-hydrophobic anokudityaniswa kwi-amine okanye kwi-carboxylic acid, okanye ngamakhonkco asecaleni kwee-amino acid. Ngokusekwe koku, iindlela ezine ezisisiseko zokwenziwa ziyafumaneka, njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 5.
I-Fig.5 Indlela ye-Synthesies ye-Amino Acid-esekwe
| Way of 1. I-Ampringhilic EsterHilic Estermines iveliswa ziimpendulo ezi-Espridation, kwimeko apho i-synthesis synthesis ifumaneka ngokupholisa i-alcollols ifayili kunye ne-Amino Acids phambi kwe-acidic ye-acidic. Kwezinye izinto, i-acid acid isebenza njengeziko le-catalyst kunye ne-demerment yokuphelelwa ngamathambo.
Indlela ye-2. I-Amino Acids evulekileyo i-Alkylamines ukuba izenzele iibhondi ze-amide, okukhokelela kwi-synthesic amickilic amidominines.
Indlela ye-3. I-Amido Acids idityanisiwe ngokuphendula amaqela e-amine acid nge-Amine Acids.
Waptual 4. I-Alkyl i-Alkyl Alkyl Alisids idityanisiwe yindlela yokuphendula yamaqela amaqela ane-haloalkanes. |
5.2 Inkqubela phambili kwiSynthesis kunye neMveliso
5.2.1 I-synthesis ye-amin-chain ye-amino acid / i-peptide ye-Peptide
N Ingxelo yokuqala kwi-Stolvent-i-Lipase-Free I-Synthesmed ye-Amino Amide okanye i-Methyl Estaistants esetyenzisiweyo, kunye ne-90% ixhomekeke kwi-Amino Acid ekujoliswe kuyo. I-Methyl Ethyy Ketone isetyenziswe njengesinyibilikisi kwezinye izinto. I-Renderhagen et al. Ikwacacisiwe kwakhona i-Lipase kunye neProteti-catarezment ye-Amino Acid, iprotein HydrolySts kunye / okanye izinto zayo zisebenzisa umxube wamanzi kunye nezinyibilikisi zezinto eziphilayo (umz.
Ngeentsuku zokuqala, eyona ngxaki iphambili nge-enzyme-catangalyzdsmes ye-AAS yayisisivuno esisezantsi. Ngokwe-valive et al. Isivuno se-N-TEMradecanoyl Amino Amino Acid yayiyi-2% kuphela -10% kwanasemva kokusebenzisa iikhiloti ezimbini kwaye ifakwe ngama-70 ° C kwiintsuku ezininzi. I-MONTET et al. Kwakhona kwahlangabezana neengxaki malunga nesivuno esisezantsi se-Amino Acid kwi-synthesis ye-N-Acyl lysine esebenzisa i-acid acids kunye neoyile yemifuno. Ngokutsho kubo, esona sivuno siphezulu semveliso yayiyi-19% phantsi kweemeko zasimahla zeSolvent kunye nokusebenzisa izinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Ingxaki enye yahlangatyezwa yiValvelty et al. Kwi-synthesis ye-N-CBz-L-lysine okanye i-N-CBz-lysine methyl edster.
Kolu phononongo, babanga ukuba isivuno se-3-tetradecanoyl-l-L-S-serine yayingama-80% xa kusetyenziswa i-N-I-Srine ekhuselweyo njengendawo ekhuselweyo ye-N-455 njengendawo enesimo sengqondo esizinzileyo. I-Nagao neKito iFrine yokuFunda kwe-L-Criine, l-homoline, i-l-gomonine kunye ne-l-tyrosine (i-wipase ifunyenwe kwi-Acase ye-Acal Science ye-Buff ye-L-Homoline kwaye i-L-Serine yayiphantsi, ngelixa kungekho I-Acysing ye-l-monsonne kwaye yenzekile.
Abaphandi abaninzi baxhase ukusetyenziswa kwexabiso elingabizi kwaye bafumaneke ngokulula kwi-synthesis ye-AAS esebenzayo. I-SOO et al. ibango lokuba ukulungiswa kwe-surfacants ye-Palm-esekwe kwi-Palm isebenza kakuhle nge-lipoenzymedymedmedmed ye-lipoenzyme. Baphawule ukuba isivuno seemveliso sinokungcono nangona ixesha lisebenzisa impendulo (iintsuku ezi-6). Gerova et al. investigated the synthesis and surface activity of chiral N-palmitoyl AAS based on methionine, proline, leucine, threonine, phenylalanine and phenylglycine in a cyclic/racemic mixture. I-Pang kunye ne-Chu ichaze i-synthesis ye-Amino Amino Amines kunye ne-dicarxyyylicylic acid i-amines ye-Amino Acid-esekwe kwi-Amino Acid-esekwe kwi-Amino-Acid ye-Amino-Acid yazibandakanya ngokulandelelana kwe-co-conventances kwisisombululo.
I-cantaeEzene kunye neGuerreiro inike ingxelo yokuqhawuka kwamaqela e-bocboxylic acid ye-boc-ala-oh kunye ne-disp-oh-chan-oh-chan-oh-chan-of-i-slip-of i-slin-tirves kunye ne-4b Kolu phononongo, impendulo ye-boc-ala-oh enamafutha athambileyo ukuya kwi-16 iikharbhoni ezinike izivuno ezilungileyo (i-51%), ngelixa iikhabhathi ze-BOC-oh 6% [64]. I-99.9%) kwizivuno isusela kwi-58% ukuya kwi-76%, eyafunyanwa yi-Alkylamines ye-alkylamines ye-Alkylamines ye-Alkylamines ye-CBZ-Arg-ome, apho i-patain isebenza njengeyona nto iphambili.
5.2.2 I-Synthesis ye-Amino-esekwe kwi-amino acid / i-peptide ye-peptide
I-Amino Acid-esekwe kwi-gemini ye-gemid ye-gemid ye-gemid iquka iimolekyuli ezimbini ezithe tye anentloko edibene nentloko-entlokweni enye kwelinye icala. Kukho iindlela ezi-2 ezinokubakho kwi-chemoenzmatic synthesic yohlobo lwe-gemini-yohlobo lwe-amino acid (amanani 6 nele-7). Kumzobo 6, 2 i-Amino Acid Derivetives iphendulwa kunye neqela le-spacer kwaye emva koko amaqela amabini azaziswa. Kwimifanekiso yesi-7, izakhiwo ezi-2 ezithe tye zinxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo ngeqela le-bifunction.
Olona phuhliso lufihlakeleyo lwe-enzyme-theatalyzed of gemini lipoidino acid baxhaphake ngeVallity et al. Yoshimra et al. Uphanda i-synthesis, i-adsorvor kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-Amino Acid-isekwe kwi-gemini ye-gemid esekwe kwiCystine kunye ne-N-Alkyl bromide. I-surpiked ye-subnthedament ithelekiswa ne-monomeric ehambelana ne-monomeric. I-faustino et al. Ichaze i-synthesis ye-auneeric ye-audic ye-auomeric asekwe kwi-l-cystine, i-D-cystine, i-DL-Cystine, i-L-i-gethoine kunye ne-gethoinine kunye ne-gethoiline kunye ne-gethoiline kunye ne-gefilimb yoxinzelelo lwe-gemilib kunye ne-Fluoresces. Yaboniswa ukuba ixabiso le-CMC le-gemini laliphantsi ngokuthelekisa i-monomer kunye ne-gemini.
Umzobo
Umzobo
5.2.3 I-Synthesis ye-Glyceliliid Amino Acid / Poptiide Purpide
I-Glyceroliid Amino Acid / i-Poptide Purpelants yiklasi entsha ye-Amino Acid eyi-Glycerol ye-Glycero- () i-Amino Acid enxibe i-Glycerone ye-Glycerol ye-Glycerol. I-synthesis yale susfacapes iqala ngokulungiselela ii-etters ze-glycerol ye-amino acid kwiqondo lobushushu eliphakamileyo kunye nobukho be-acidic statalyst (umzekelo BF 3). I-Enzyme-Cataismed Synthesis (usebenzisa i-hydrolases, iiproteases kunye ne-lipases njenge-Catalysts) kukukhetha konke (umfanekiso 8).
I-enzyme-catashes ye-enzyme-theatalyzded ye-Dilabrary egalelekileyo ye-dilgine i-gelyces esebenzisa i-papaine ichazwe. I-Synthesis ye-DiacctulllGlyColcerol Esteugs evela kwi-acetyriagin kunye nokuvavanywa kweepropathi zawo ze-physicminal kuye kwaxelwa.
Umzobo
Isithuba: NH- (Ch2)10-Nh: I-TAXIB1
Isithuba: NH-C6H4-NH: I-TAXIBT2
Isithuba: ch2-Ce2: Ikhawuntari
I-Fig.9 Synthesis ye-sypmetric amptridhits ezivela kwi-tris (i-hydroxymethyl) I-Aminomethane
5.2.4 I-Synthesis ye-Amino-esekwe kwi-Amino Acid / i-Peppide ye-Peptide
I-Amino Acid-CeedHiardHiardHies ze-Amino Amidids zine-Amino Acids ezinxibelelene ne-hydrophobic efanayo. UFranceschi et al. Ichaze i-synthesis ye-amplighthhiles ye-bola-yohlobo lwe-Amino Aliid (D- okanye i-alanine okanye i-alanine okanye i-histidine okanye i-histidine) kunye ne-1 Alkyl Chain yoMgangatho ohlukeneyo kwaye waphanda umsebenzi wawo we-alkyl. Baxoxa nge-synthesis kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-Novel Bola-yohlobo lwe-Amino Acid (usebenzisa i-Amino Acid okanye i-Amino Amid okanye i-C12 -C yeqela le-C12 -c20 yeqela. I-Uni-Amino Acids isetyenziselwe i-Aminoacid yeswekile, i-Azidooty I-synthesis ye-Ammetrical Bola-yohlobo lwe-Ammershits ethathwe kwi-tris (i-hydroxymethy) I-Aminomethane (Tris) (umzobo 9).
06 IiPropathi zeMicimbi yeMicimbi
Kuyaziwa ukuba i-amino acid esekwe kwi-amino acid (AAS) iyahluka kwaye iguquguqukayo kwaye isebenze kakuhle kwizicelo ezininzi, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukusebenza komgangatho omkhulu kunye nokunganyamezeli i-calcium).
Ngokusekwe kwiipropathi ze-suntFid ze-Amino Acids (umzekelo, uxinzelelo lomphezulu, i-CMC, i-CMC, iqondo lokuziphatha kunye ne-Krafft), ezi zigqibo zilandelayo zafikelela emva kwezifundo ezibanzi-umphezulu we-AAS ungaphezulu kweyona ndawo iphambili kuyo.
6.1 I-MALICE CREARTER (CMC)
Uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo lwe-mielle ngomnye weparamitha ebalulekileyo kwaye ulawula iipropathi ezininzi ezisebenzayo njengesobude, njl. I-surfacapes esekwe kwi-Amino Acids ihlala inamaxabiso asezantsi e-CMC xa kuthelekiswa ne-sundocal eqhelekileyo.
Ngomdibaniso ohlukeneyo wamaqela entloko kunye nemisila ye-hydrophobic (i-mono-co-cowic amide, i-Bi-Cariodic Amide), infonse e-etl. I-AAAS ezintathu ezisekwe kwi-AAAS kwaye ifunde i-CMC yawo kunye ne-γcmc (impikiswano yase-CMC), ebonisa ukuba i-CMC kunye ne-CMC kunye ne-γcMC inciphile ubude be-hydrophobic ubude. Kolunye uphononongo, uSitare noMattre bafumanisa ukuba i-CMC ye-N-α-Acylarigin surfackine inciphile ngokwandisa inani leeatom zomsila we-hydroon (itheyibhile 1).
Yoshimra et al. Iphandile i-CMC ye-Amino-i-Amino evaliweyo ye-gemid ye-gemid kwaye ibonise ukuba i-CMC inciphile xa kunyuka i-CACCROPhon kwi-14 ukuya kwi-12.
I-faustino et al. Kuxelwe ukusekwa kwee-milles ezixubeneyo kwizisombululo ze-adionic gemic sundorfacents ezisekwe kwiCystine. I-gemini surfactives iphinde yathelekiswa ne-monomeri ehambelanayo ye-monomeric surfaction (c 8 cys). Amaxabiso e-CMC omxube we-lipid-sucquagent axelwa ukuba abe phantsi kweyona nto icocekileyo. I-Gemimini i-gemini surfaction kunye ne-1,2-di-sn-vlyceryl-3-phosphochocholine, i-phospholipi ye-phospholipid, yayine-CMC kwiNqanaba le-millimolar.
UShrestha kunye ne-Araaki baphanda ngokuqulunqwa kwemithambo ye-vielastic kwizisombululo ze-amino ze-aminocid-on-aneid-inoidic suidic surfacints ngaphandle kokungabikho kweetyuwa. Kolu phando, i-N-dodecyl Glutamate yafunyanwa ukuba inobushushu obuphezulu kweKrafft; Nangona kunjalo, xa ifakwe ngaphandle kwe-Amino esisiseko ye-Amino Acid L-lysine, ivelise imiyeli kwaye isisombululo saqala ukuzibandakanya njengolwelo olutsha nge-25 ° C.
6.2 I-Solity yaseStraibing Water
I-sloubabing elungileyo ye-AAS kungenxa yobukho bamalungu e-Co-nh. Oku kwenza ukuba i-AAS ingaphezulu kwe-biodegrade idokonga kwaye ibe nobume bendalo kune-surfacial ehambelana noko. Ukuzenzela amanzi ukuzola kwe-N-Acyl-L-glutamic acid kungcono ngakumbi ngenxa yamaqela ama-2 adoboxyl. Ukuzenzela amanzi i-CN (ca) 2 kulungile kuba kukho amaqela ama-2 i-Ioecrigine kwi-1 i-molecule, ekhokelela ekulweni okusebenzayo kwe-acmations kunye ne-infortion ye-bactery kunye ne-bactery esebenzayo.
I-6.3 ye-Krafft yobushushu kunye ne-Krafft Point
Iqondo lokushisa le-krafft linokuqondwa njengendlela yokuziphatha ethile ye-solfabication ye-sloubacking yayo yonyusa kabukhali ngaphezulu kobushushu obuthile. I-Ionic surfacints inotyekelo lokuvelisa i-hydrates eqinileyo, enokuphumeza emanzini. Kubushushu obuthile (obizwa ngokuba yi-Krafft yobushushu), ukunyuka okukhulu kunye nokunyuka kwe-smobabication ye-surfcants kuhlala kuqatshelwa. Indawo ye-krafft ye-ionic surfacntant yiqondo lobushushu le-krafft layo eCMC.
Olu phawu lwe-solbing luhlala lubonwa kwi-ionic surfacants kwaye inokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ukunyibilisela kweqondo lokushisa i-krafft de kufikelwe indawo yeKRAFFT, apho kunyuka khona isotolo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuzola ngokupheleleyo, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukwenziwa kwe-surfacent kumaqondo obushushu ngaphezulu kwendawo yeKrafft.
Iqondo lobushushu le-krafft le-krafft le-krafft lifundwe kwaye lithelekiswa naloo nto ixhaphakileyo ye-AAS.SHSTA kunye ne-Aradaki eqondakalayo ye-Premin-esekwe kwi-Pieline engaphezulu kwe-2-5 × 10-6 ilandelwa ziintlobo ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo ze I-N-HexadeCanoyl Aas kwaye ixubushe ubudlelwane phakathi kobushushu be-krafft ye-krafft kunye ne-amino acid intsalela.
Kuvavanyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba iqondo lokushisa le-krafft le-N-HexadeCanoyl AAS linyuke ngokuncitshiswa kwe-Amino Acid intsalela ye-Amino Acid (ngaphandle kwe-gelycine kunye ne-phenylalanine). Igqityiwe ukuba kuzo zombini iinkqubo ze-alanine kunye ne-phenylalanine, ukusebenzisana i-DL yomelele kunendlela ye-LL kwifom ye-N-HexadeCanoyl aas.
I-Brito et al. Ukumisela ubushushu be-krafft yochungechunge lwe-novel Amino Amino Amino Amino Amino isebenzisa i-microcalry yololo-mveliso ye-IIDFID, ukusuka kwi-6 ° C ukuya kwi-53 ° C. Ubukho bamaqhina e-CIs kunye nobomi obungapheliyo kwi-cuin-rin-rian-rian ende ekhokelela ekwehlisweni okufanelekileyo kwiqondo lokushisa leKrafft. I-N-dodecyl Glutamate yaxelwa ukuba inobushushu obuphezulu kweKrafft ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukungathathi cala nge-Amino esisiseko ye-Amino Acid kukhokelela ekumiselweni kwemilukumezi kwisisombululo esiziphatha njengolwelo oluziphetheyo njengolwelo olutsha nge-25 ° C.
6.4 Ingqumbo engaphezulu
Uxinzelelo lomphezulu we-surfacants inxulumene nobude becandelo le-hydrophobic. Zhang et al. Ukuzimisela ukungqubana komhlaba we-sodium cocoyl glycinate yindlela ye-wilhelmy ye-wilhelmy (25 ± 0.2) ° C kwaye igqibe kwe-33 mn-M-M-L-L-LMC-l -1. Yoshimra et al. Ukugqibezela uxinzelelo lomhlaba we-2c n cs yohlobo lwe-Amino Amino Acid indawo ye-2c Kwafunyaniswa ukuba uxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwe-CMC lwehla ngobude obuqalisiweyo
Iziphumo ze-CAC1 2 kumhlaba wokuvalwa komhlaba we-dicarxysty amino amino acid ifundwe nayo. Kwezi zifundo, i-CAC1 2 yongezwa kwizisombululo ze-Aticaralboxylid Amino Amino Acid-Cheacking (C12 Malna 2, C12 Aspna 2). Ixabiso eliphantsi kwePlati emva kokuba i-CMC lafaniswa kwaye lafumanisa ukuba uxinzelelo lomphezulu linciphile kwii-CAC1 2 zokugxininisa kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yesiphumo se-calcium ions kulungiselelo lwe-surfacnt kwi-comfacent kwi-inversion yegesi. Ingqungquthela yothintelo lwe-N-dodecylaminate kunye ne-N-dodecylateAtate, kwelinye icala, yayiphantse yaqhubeka ukuya kwi-10 Mmol-L-CAC1 2 CAC1 2 I-CAC1 2 I-CAC1 2 COC1 2 I-CAC1 2 COC1 2 COC1 2 COC1 2 COC1 2 COC1 2 COC1 2 COC1 2 COC1 2 COC1 2 COC1 2 UCWANGCISO LWE-CAC1 2 CAC1 2 I-CAC1 2 COC1 2 COC1 2 I-CAC1 2 COC1 2 I-CAC1 2 I-Cac1 2 i-Cac1 2. Ngaphezulu kwe-10 mmol-L -1, uxinzelelo lonyuso lunyuka kabukhali, ngenxa yokuqulunqa ityuwa ye-calcium ye-calfacent. Kwi-Shoodium yeTyuwayi ye-N-dodecyl Glutamate, ekongezeni kwi-CAC1 2 yabangela ukwehla okufanelekileyo komphezulu woxinzelelo, ngelixa uqhubeka nokunyuka kwe-CAC1 2 ye-Cac engasabangeli utshintsho olukhulu.
Ukuchonga ii-kinetics ze-adsection ze-gemini-chwethe i-AAS ye-AAS kwi-Interfash-ters yerhasi, ukungqubana komhlaba onamandla kugqitywe kusetyenziswa indlela ephezulu yoxinzelelo lwe-bubble. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba kwixesha elide lovavanyo, i-2C 12 cys deys verty engaguqukiyo ayitshintshi. Ukwehla kwengxabano yomphezulu womhlaba onamandla kuxhomekeka kuphela kwixinzelelo, ubude bemisila ye-hydrophobic, kunye nenani leemisila ze-hydrophobic. Ukonyusa uxinzelelo lwe-surfacnt, ukuncipha kobunzima kunye nenani lamakhonkco kukhokelela ekuboleni okukhawulezayo. Iziphumo ezifunyenwe kwiingcinezelo eziphezulu ze-C N CYS (N = 8 ukuya kwi-12) zifunyenwe zisondele kakhulu kwi-CMC ezilinganiswe yindlela ye-wiliyeli.
Kolunye uphononongo, uxinzelelo olungaphezulu lwe-sodium dilacyl dilacyl (i-SDLC) kunye ne-sodium didecamino igqitywe yindlela ye-Willium ye-Willight, kwaye ukongeza, ukulingana komphezulu wezisombululo ze-ACTEACHEOME. Indlela yokuphendula yokulahlekisa yaphandwa kwakhona ngolunye uhlobo. Ukongezwa kwe-Mercaptoethanol ukuya kwi-0.1 ye-Mmol-L -1sdlc isisombululo esinokuphinda senziwe ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-34 mn-mn-m -1 ukuya kwi-53 mn-M-M-M-M_ Kuba i-NACLO ingayinyanzela ibhondi yokulahlekisa ye-SDLC kwi-SDLC yamaqela e-SDLCIC, akukho ndawo ijongwa kuyo xa i-NACLO (i-5 Mmol-L-L-L-L-I-SDLC yesisombululo se-MMOL-L-L-SDLC isisombululo. I-Shriscopy ye-elektroni ye-elektroni kunye neziphumo zokuqhekeka okunamandla ezibonisiweyo zibonise ukuba akukho zinto zidibeneyo zenziwe kwisisombululo. Uxinzelelo lwe-SDLC lwafunyanwa lususela kwi-34 mn-m -1 ukuya kwi-60 mn-m -1 ngaphezulu kwe-20 min.
6.5 Ukudibana okungapheliyo
KwiSayensi yoBomi, amaqela aliqela afunde iipropathi eziguqukayo zemixube ye-suric aas (diacylglycelycerol) kunye nePsphelipids kwipropati-gesi, ekugqibeleni igqiba kwelokuba leliphi na ipropathi engeyiyo i-Elfrostatic.
6.6 Iipropathi zoThunyelo
Ukukhanya kokukhanya okushukumayo kudla ngokuqhelekileyo ukufumanisa iipropathi zoqhawulo-mtshato lwee-amino ze-Amino Amino Acid kunye ne-Gemini surfaphocapes kwi-CMC ngaphezulu kwe-CMC, ivelise i-DHDRYNAMIC DHEAMER DH (= 2R h). I-Aggregates yenziwe nge-cs kunye nee-2cn cys zinkulu kwaye zisasazwe ngokubanzi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto. Yonke i-sundocapecapes ngaphandle kwe-2C 12 i-cys idla ngokuqhelisela i-Agegregates ye-10 NM. Ubukhulu we-Minelic of Gemimini susfacapes ubaluleke kakhulu kunezo zabalingane zabo zeMonomeric. Ukonyuka kwe-hydrocarbon chain ubude kukwakhokelela kukhuliseke kubungakanani be-millerle. ohta et al. described the aggregation properties of three different stereoisomers of N-dodecyl-phenyl-alanyl-phenyl-alanine tetramethylammonium in aqueous solution and showed that the diastereoisomers have the same critical aggregation concentration in aqueous solution. Ijhashi et al. Iphandwe nge-Distrois, i-NMR kunye noxinzelelo lwe-vapor osmometry i-smomereray ye-N-dodecanoyl-L-Glutamic acid, e-Aceraphamic kunye ne-tetracanoyl-l-bioxane, i-1,4-dioxane kwaye I-1,2-dichloroethane) enepropathi enolawulo yaphandwa yi-Distrois, i-NMR kunye noxinzelelo lwe-vapor osmometry.
6.7 I-Adsorfcial Adsorption
I-Adsorvocal Adsorvocation ye-Amino Acid-esekwe kwi-Amino Acid kunye nokuthelekiswa kwayo kunye neqabane lakhe eliqhelekileyo lelinye lendlela yophando. Umzekelo, iipropathi ezihlanganisiweyo ze-adphocients ze-dodecyl ze-dodecyl ze-Amino Amino Acid zifunyenwe kwi-mady kwaye i-lep yaphandwa. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-lep ibonakalise iindawo ezinobuhlangazile eziphantsi kwi-interface yerhasi kunye ne-Fol / Hexane, ngokulandelelana.
Imida ye-et al. Uphanda indlela yokuziphatha kwesisombululo kunye ne-adsorve kwi-sull-ters screcial subxyl amino acid i-amino acid, i-dodeyl appestate (kunye ne-1, 2, kunye ne-1, ngokulandelelana). Ngokweli ngxelo, i-CMC ye-DMCADYDYDYDYDYDYDYDSEYS yayingamaxesha angama-4-5 ngaphezulu kuneso se-dodecyl vlycine ityiwa. Oku kuchazwe kukusekwa kweembophelelo ze-hydrogen phakathi kwe-chicarx engafaniyo kunye neemolekyuli ezikufutshane ngamaqela aphezulu.
6.8 Ukuziphatha kwesigaba
Izigaba ze-Iyotropic discoginals ziqwalaselwe kwi-surfacapes kwiindawo eziphezulu kakhulu. Iimolekyuli ze-surfacnts ezinamaqela amakhulu amakhulu kakhulu athambekele ekwenzeni ukudityaniswa kwe-curvature encinci. IMarques et al. Ukufunda indlela yokuziphatha kwesigaba se-12 / i-12rs kunye ne-8lys8 / i-16 yenkqubo yenkqubo ye-7lys8 / 16 ibonisa ukuba inkqubo yeSigaba seSigaba se-7 / i-SEMERS ibonisa ukuba iMigangatho yeSigaba seSidali ye-7 / ye-SEMAL ibonisa i-milver yenqanaba elincinci kunye ne-vesicle yengingqi ye-vesical. Kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba i-vesicle yendawo ye-vesicle ye-12ilys12 / 12, i-vesicles ihlala ixinezelekile nemida, ngelixa i-vesicle yenkqubo ye-8lys8 / 16 ineevesi kuphela.
Umxube weCatanionic we-Lysine- kunye ne-Srine-Informackies esekwe kwi-12ss: i-12lys12 / i-Thander (ngasekhohlo) kunye ne-asymmetric 8 / i-asyrser8 / i-asyrst (ngasekunene)
6.9 Isakhono sokukhulisa
Kouchi et al. Uhlolisisa ubuchule bokwenza, uxinzelelo olungqokelela, ukusasazeka, kunye nokubonisa i-N- [3-Dodecyl-2-Hydroxylpyl] -L-I-Arginine, i-AAS. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Syntatic Sypticapes (i-Agraphric Argastic kunye ne-Ampphoterac), iziphumo zibonise ukuba ii-AAs zinamandla amakhulu okwenza ubuchule obuqhelekileyo.
Baczko et al. I-Noventherive ye-Novel Alion Amino Acid suid kwaye iphande ngokufaneleka kwabo njenge-chiral spectroscopy zisombululo. Uthotho lwe-Ampuku-uthotho lwe-Ilfonate-Phe okanye i-L-Aila Delivetives enemisila eyahlukeneyo ye-hydrophobic (ipensel ~ tine ~ tetradecyl) idityanisiwe nge-o-sfobenzoic anhydride anhydride. Wu et al. I-SODIM YOKUGQIBELA I-SODIM ye-N-Fatty Asyl AAS kunyeUphanda ubuchule babo bokuzila okweoli, kwaye iziphumo zibonise ukuba le ndlu yenziwa ngcono kunye ne-Ethyl i-ettate njengesigaba seoyile kune-N-Hexane njengesigaba seoyile.
6.10 Inkqubela phambili kwimveliso kunye nemveliso
Ukuxhathisa amanzi anzima anokuqondwa njengokukwazi ukuxhathisa ubukho be-ions efana ne-calcium kunye ne-magnesium emanzini anzima, okt, amandla okuphepha i-calcium soaps. I-surfacapes enenkcaso ephezulu yamanzi iluncedo kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwesicoci kunye neemveliso zononophelo lomntu. Ukunganyangeki kwamanzi nzima kunokuvavanywa ngokubala utshintsho kwi-solity kunye nomsebenzi womphezulu we-surfacnt ebusweni be-calcium.
Enye indlela yokuvavanya ukuchasana kwamanzi nzima kukubala ipesenti okanye iigram ze-surfacnt efunekayo kwi-calcium ye-calcium ye-calcium ye-100 g ye-sodium ye-sodium ichithwa emanzini. Kwiindawo ezinamanzi aphezulu anzima, ugxininiso oluphezulu lwe-calcium kunye ne-magnesium i-ion kunye nomxholo wemineral unokwenza izicelo ezisebenzayo. Rhoqo i-sodium ion isetyenziswa njenge-quarter i-ion ye-aneion ye-aneion ye-aneion. Ukusukela i-calcium ye-calcium ibotshelelwa kwiimolekyuli zombini, ibangela ukuba i-surfacnt ukukhetha ngokulula kwisisombululo esisengozini.
Ukufundisisa i-AAS enzima ye-AAS kubonisa ukuba i-acid kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi anzima aphenjelelwa yiqela lebhokisi ye-carboxyl, kunye nokuxhathisa kwamanzi ane-asidi kunye nokunyuka kobude beqela lebhokisi le-casboxyl. I-odolo ye-acid kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi anzima yi-clcinate <C Ukuthelekisa i-Dicarxy ye-Amide ye-Amide kunye ne-suicalboxy ye-aminiinoxy-sundoxy, ngokulandelelana, kwafunyaniswa ukuba uluhlu lwe-pH lwalubanzi kwaye umphezulu wayo unyuke ngexabiso elifanelekileyo le-acid. I-daicarxylid n-alkyl amino acid ibonise ukusebenza okukuko phambi kobukho be-calcium, kunye ne-12 ye-9 i-aspartete yenze ijeli emhlophe. C 12 I-Glutamate ibonise umsebenzi ophezulu we-SEP kwi-CORT CAP 8+ kwaye kulindeleke ukuba isetyenziswe kumanzi aselwandle amanzi.
6.11 Ukusasaza
Ukusasazeka kubhekisa kubuchule bokuthintela i-suallcent ukukhusela i-coalescence kunye ne-sedation ye-surfacnt kwisisombululo.Ukusasazeka yipropathi ebalulekileyo yepropathi ye-surfcapes eyenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezicoci, i-cosmetics kunye namayeza.Iarhente yokusasazeka kufuneka iqulethe i-Ester, i-Ether, i-Amino okanye i-Amino Bop yeqela le-hydrophobic yeqela (okanye phakathi kwamaqela athe tyaba).
Ngokubanzi, i-ananic surfaction efana ne-alkanomido ye-Ilf kunye ne-AmpphoteraPunts enje nge-Amidombuonee isebenze ngokukhethekileyo njengabasasazi kwii-calcium ze-calcium.
Uninzi lweenzame zophando ziye zagqiba ukusasazeka kwe-AAS, apho i-N-Lauroyl Lysine yafunyanwa ingahambelani namanzi kwaye kunzima ukuyisebenzisa ngokwamayeza e-cosmetic.Kolu ngcelele, i-Amino-Atino Acids esisiseko ye-Amino Acid ineentswela-mbi ze-Superb kwaye isetyenziswa kumashishini e-cosmetic ukuphucula iifomuli.
I-07 ityhefu
I-surfcantical eqhelekileyo, ngakumbi i-suric surfaction, inetyhefu kakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo. Ityhefu yabo enobunzima ibangelwa yinto ye-phenomenon yentsebenzo ye-adsorsela ye-surfacants kwifowuni yaManzi. Ukuncipha kwe-CMC ye-surfacapes kuhlala kukhokelela kwi-adsorption yomelele ye-surfacints, ehlala ikhokelela kwityhefu yabo ephakamileyo. Ukonyuka kobude be-hydrophobic ye-hydrophobic ye-surfaccunts kukukhokelela kunyuke kwityhefu ye-surfutent.Uninzi lwee-AAS ziphantsi okanye zingenabungozi ebantwini nakwindawo esingqongileyo (ngakumbi kwizinto eziphilayo) kwaye zilungele ukusetyenziswa njengezithako zokutya, amayeza kunye ne-cosmetics.Abaphandi abaninzi babonisile ukuba i-Amino Acid surfacnts ithobe kwaye ingakhathali kulusu. I-Preginine esekwe kwi-Argine iyaziwa ukuba ibe yingozi kunabalingane babo abaqhelekileyo.
I-Brito et al. ifundwe ipropathi ye-phyotymolocal ye-Amino Amino Amino Acid kunye ne-Tydrosine (i-charr), i-hydroxyproline (i-hydroxyproline (i-HydroxyPine (i-SHYP)] i-vesine ye-viephnia ye-daphnia ye-daphnia ye-daphnia i-daphnia magna (ic 50). Bayifumana i-vesical vesic ye-dodecttrimentriethymonium bromide (i-dtab) / i-lys-der-mes-der-messives kunye nemixokelelwane ye-ecotocity kwaye ivavanye i-AAS kunye ne-SYS-/ i-SOSE-/ i-SYSEMORY-ARDESS enesiqhelo i-DTAB.
URosa et al. Iphando malunga nokubopha (umbutho) weDNA kwii-vesis ezinzileyo ze-Amino Acid. Ngokungafaniyo ngokungafaniyo ne-suric surfacints, ehlala ibonakala iyityhefu, ukusebenzisana kwe-cinocic amino acid ibonakala ngathi ayinatyhefu. I-CCICIC AAS isekwe kwi-Argine, eyenza i-vesicles ezinzileyo ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-anaon sub. I-Amino Acid-esekwe kwi-infiossion ye-infiossion ikwathiyiwe nokuba ingaba kungenetyhefu. Ezi ntsumpagaints zihambelane ngokulula ngococeko oluphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-99%), indleko eziphantsi, ngokulula i-biodegrades, kwaye inyibilike inyibilikiswe kwimithombo yeendaba emanzini. Izifundo ezininzi zibonakalise ukuba i-sulfur-ene-amino acid surfacnts iphezulu kakhulu kwi-infinibion ithintelelo.
Kuphando lwakutsha nje, i-perinelli et al. Kuxelwe iprofayili eyoneleyo ye-ramnolipids xa kuthelekiswa ne-surfacants eqhelekileyo. I-Rihamnolipids iyaziwa ukuba isebenze njengezinto zokuphucula ubumfihlo. Bakwaxele impembelelo ye-ramnolipids kwi-epitisheal fishfial yeziyobisi ze-macromolecular.
08 Umsebenzi we-antimicrobial
Umsebenzi we-antimactronictrovial we-surfacapes unokuvavanywa ngoxinzelelo oluncinci lwezinto ezithintelweyo. Umsebenzi we-antimictronial of i-surgine esekwe kwi-argine ifundwe ngokweenkcukacha. I-GRAM-ENGCEIA engalunganga yafunyanwa ixhathise ngakumbi kwi-Prefine-esekwe kwi-surfine esekwe kwi-bacteria efanelekileyo ye-GRAM. Umsebenzi we-antimictronial we-surfcalwounts udla ngokunyuka ngobukho be-hydroxyl, i-cyclopane okanye imitya engenamanzi ngaphakathi kwimixokelelwane ye-ACYL. I-Revillo et al. Ibonise ukuba ubude bamakhonkco e-ACYL kunye nentlawulo elungileyo ichonge ixabiso le-HLB (i-hydrophilic-lipophilic-lipophilic-lipophilic-lipophilic-lipophilic-lipophilic-lipophilic-lipophilic-ye-Lipophilic-i-Lipophilic-i-Lipophilic-ye-Lipophilic-i-Lipophilic-I-Lipophilic-Lipophilic-Lipofilic-kwaye ezi zinefuthe ekuphazamiseni i-membrane. I-Nα-ACYLALARGINGINGINGINGINE I-Methyl Ester yenye iklasi ebalulekileyo ye-curicial enesixhobo esine-chimicum-sperictronial kunye ne-biminaded kwaye iphantsi kakhulu okanye ayikho ityhefu. Izifundo malunga nokusebenzisana kwe-Nα-AcyArigine Methyl Ext-Snsters Izithintelo zibonise ukuba le klasi ye-surfacapes inesiphumo esihle kwiziphumo ezibonisiweyo ukuba i-surfricants inomsebenzi olungileyo.
I-09 yePropathi yeRheOolog
Iipropathi ze-ROOOLOCTERTERTERPRTEARTEAT zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekumiseleni nasekucikizeni izicelo zabo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukutya, ukuthotyelwa kweoyile, iimveliso zononophelo lweoyile kunye neemveliso zononophelo lweoyile. Izifundo ezininzi zenziwe ukuxoxa ngobudlelwane phakathi kwe-viscoelity ye-amino acid surfacals kunye ne-CMC.
Izicelo ezili-10 kwishishini le-cosmetic
I-AAS isetyenziswa ekuqulunqweni kweemveliso ezininzi zononophelo.I-Potassium N-Cocoyl Glycinate ifunyenwe inobulali kulusu kwaye isetyenziselwa ukucocwa kobuso ukususa i-sludge kunye ne-makeup. I-N-Acyl-L-Glutamic Acid inamaqela amabini ebhokisi, eyenza inyibilikiswe amanzi ngakumbi. Phakathi kwezi aas, ii-AAS ezisekwe kwi-C 12 Fatty Acids zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kubuso bobuso ukususa i-sludge kunye ne-makeup. I-AAS nge-CHAT 18 isetyenziswa njenge-EMulSISIRS kwiimveliso zonyango, kunye neetyuwa ze-N-Lauryl Alanine ziyaziwa ukuba zenze i-foray foams ezingakhathaliyo zolusu kwaye ke zinokusetyenziswa ekuqulunqweni kweemveliso zokhathalelo lomntwana. I-AAS-esekwe kwi-AAS esekwe kwi-Toothpaste ifanelekile ukuba ivuselelwe i-oap kunye ne-Enzyme-ethintela ukusebenza.
Kule minyaka ingamashumi idlulileyo ishumi elidlulileyo, ukukhetha kwe-surfacants, iimveliso zononophelo lobuqu kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo zigxile kubuncwane obuphantsi, ubulali, ubulali, ubumnene bokuchukumisa nokhuseleko. Abathengi bezi mveliso bayazi kakuhle into enokubakho, ubuthi kunye nendalo esingqongileyo.
Namhlanje, ii-AAS zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-shampoos ezininzi, ii-DYES zeDYES ze-DYES kunye nee-SOAT zokuhlamba ngenxa yezibonelelo zazo ezininzi kwi-cospetics kunye neemveliso zononophelo lomntu.Iprotein-esekwe kwi-protepicants inepropathi enqwenelekayo eyimfuneko kwiimveliso zononophelo lobuqu. Ezinye ii-AAS zinezakhono zokwenza ifilimu, ngelixa ezinye zinezakhono ezilungileyo zokukhala.
I-Amino Acids ibalulekile ngokwendalo yendalo eyenzekayo kwi-Straneum. Xa iiseli ezivuthuzayo zifa, zaba yinxalenye ye-stratum corneum kunye neeproteri ze-intracellilla ngokuthe ngcembe zichaphazele kwi-amino acid. Ezi Amino Acids emva koko zithutha ngaphezulu kwi-stroneum, apho bafumana khona izinto ezinamafutha okanye ezinamafutha kwi-epidermaal corneum corneum corneum corneum cornesity ephezulu yomphezulu wolusu. Malunga ne-50% yento yendalo yokunyibilikisa kulusu lwenziwe nge-Amino Acids kunye nePyloludone.
I-collagen, isithako esiqhelekileyo se-cosmetic, sine-Amino Acids egcina ulusu luthambile.Iingxaki zolusu ezinjengokrhuqayo kunye noburharha zibangelwa yinxalenye enkulu yokunqongophala kwe-amino acid. Olunye uhlolisiso lubonise ukuba ukuxuba i-amino acid nge-otiid yolusu kutsha, kwaye iindawo ezichaphazelekayo zibuyele kwimeko yazo yesiqhelo ngaphandle kokuba ziyi-keloid scads.
I-Amino Acids ifunyenwe iluncedo kakhulu ekunyamekeleni izicwangciso ezonakeleyo.Iinwele ezomileyo, ezingenamsebenzi zinokubonisa ukwehla kwi-Amino Acids kwi-stneum eyonakalisiweyo. I-Amino Acids inokwazi ukungena kwi-cuticle kwi-shaft yeenwele kwaye ifumane umswakama kulusu.Obu buchule be-amino acid esekwe kwi-Amino Acid kubangela ukuba balusebenzise kakhulu kwi-shampoos, ii-DYES ze-DYES, izixhobo zeenwele, iinwele, kunye nobukho beenwele, kunye nobukho beenwele ze-Amino Acid zenza ukuba iinwele zomelele.
I-11 izicelo kwi-cosmetics yemihla ngemihla
Okwangoku, kukho imfuno ekhulayo ye-Amino Acid-esekwe kwi-Amino Acid kwihlabathi liphela.I-AAS ziyaziwa ukuba zinobuchule obungcono bokucoca, ubuchule bokwenza ibala kunye nezinto ezithambileyo zelaphu, ezibangela ukuba zilungele ukucocwa kwekhaya, iishampu, izifungo zomzimba kunye nezinye izicelo.I-ASPARCIC-i-Amphoteric Amputer Asphoterac Asphoterac Aas ixelwe ukuba ibe sisiseko esisebenzayo kakhulu sepropathi yokutya. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinamathako amachiza aquka i-N-Alkyl-β-Aminoethoxis efumanekayo ukunciphisa ukucaphukisa ulusu. Ukuqulunqwa kwamanzi okunciphisa okubandakanya i-N-Cocoyl-β-i-Aminopropionate kuxelwe ukuba ibe sisiseko esisebenzayo semibala yeoyile kwimigangatho yensimbi. I-Amininocarbox -cxy -cyeboxy Acid Acid, C i-14 chohch 2 NHCH 2 NHCHU, ikwabonisiwe ukuba ibe ne-2-I-CHEDROPROPROPICIC-N isetyenziselwa ukwanda kwe-agents.
Ukulungiswa kweefomu zokucoca ngokusekwe kwi-N- (i-chan-chain-β-alany) -I-Alanine ichazwe ngu-Kigo kunye nozinzo kwilungelo lokuhlamba kakuhle kunye nokuzinza, i-foam elula yokwaphula umthetho. UKao waphuhlisa ukwenziwa kwe-chorgent esekwe kwi-N-Acyl-1-β-hydroxy-β-hydroxy-β-i-alanine kwaye ixele ukucaphukisa amanzi asezantsi, ukuxhathisa kwamanzi aphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu anokukhupha amandla.
Inkampani yaseJapan Ajinomoto isebenzisa i-as enetyhefu enetyhefu kunye ne-AAS enobungozi esekwe kwi-L-Glutamic Acid, i-L-Arginine kunye neL-lysine njengezithako eziphambili ze-shampoos, iingcingo ze-qusmetics (umzobo 13). Isakhono sezongezo ze-enzyme kwifomu yokucoca ukususa iprotein I-N-Acyl aas ethathwe kwi-Glutamic Acid, i-Alanine, iMethyglycine, serine kunye ne-Aspartic Acid inikwe i-acid yazo zizicombululo zezolo. Ezi ntshukumo ze-suntfcapes azikhuliseli uVeksisity konke konke, nokuba ngamaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, kwaye unokutshintshelwa ngokulula kwinqanawa yokugcina isixhobo esifumana i-theams falls.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: IJuni-09-2022