Iimveliso zethu eziphambili: i-amino silicone, i-silicone yebhloko, i-silicone ye-hydrophilic, yonke i-silicone emulsion yayo, i-emulsion ye-silicone, iphucula ukukhawuleza kwamanzi, i-repellent yamanzi (i-Fluorine free, i-Carbon 6, i-Carbon 8), i-demin yokuhlamba iikhemikhali (ABS, i-Enzyme, i-Spandex isikhuseli, i-Manganese remover) , Amazwe angaphandle kumazwe angaphandle: i-India, i-Pakistanrk, i-Bangladesh, i-U.
Ii-surfactants ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeekhemikhali zokwenza iphepha, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-papermaking pulping, isiphelo esimanzi, ubukhulu bomphezulu, ukugquma, kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka.
I-surfactants esetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokupheka inokukhuthaza ukungena kwesisombululo sokupheka kwi-fiber ekrwada, iphucule ukususwa kwe-lignin kunye ne-resin emthini okanye engeyiyo imithi ngokupheka isisombululo, kunye nokusabalalisa i-resin. I-anionic surfactants esetyenziswa njengeejenti zokususa i-resin ziquka i-sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, i-sodium tetrapropylbenzenesulfonate, i-sodium enamafutha e-alcohol sulfate, i-xylene sulfonic acid, i-sodium condensed naphthalene sulfonate, i-sodium alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, njl. Non ionic surfactants ziquka alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyether, etc. Xa usebenzisa i-non-ionic surfactants ukususa i-resin, i-nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether yeyona isebenzayo. Ukudibanisa i-anionic surfactants kunye ne-non-ionic surfactants inempembelelo engcono, enokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwe-lignin kunye ne-resin kunye nokuphucula isivuno se-pulp. Ngokomzekelo, ukongeza i-asidi ye-xylene sulfonic kunye ne-sodium naphthalene sulfonate kunye nomlinganiselo omkhulu we-l: (1-2) kunye ne-nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether inokufikelela kwisiphumo esihle sokususa i-resin.
Iiarhente ezisebenzayo zobuso be-inki yephepha lenkunkuma
Umgaqo we-inki ovela kwiphepha lenkunkuma kukumanzisa, ukungena, ukwandisa, ukulinganisa, ukusabalalisa, i-foam, i-flocculate, ukubamba, kunye nokuhlamba imicu kunye ne-inki ngoncedo lwe-surfactants. Iindlela eziphambili zenkqubo ziquka: ① Indlela yokuhlamba ibalaselisa umsebenzi wokusasaza. Yenza i-inki ibe lula ukusabalalisa kwaye wenze i-colloid yokususa Indlela yokudada: Ukukhupha amagwebu okuphakathi, kulandelwa yi-inki yokubamba, njl.njl Indibaniselwano yendlela yokuhlamba kunye nendlela yokudada. Iikhemikhali eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa i-inki yenkunkuma yephepha ziquka i-alkali, iglasi yamanzi, i-chelating agents, i-hydrogen peroxide, i-surfactants, i-calcium salts, njl. Ezona zixhobo zisetyenziswa njengenkunkuma ye-inki yee-agent zibandakanya i-anionic fatty acid salts, i-sulfates, i-sulfates, i-phosphate salts, kunye nee-sulfosuccinates. Uhlobo lweCation: ityuwa ye-amine, ityuwa ye-quaternary ammonium. Uhlobo lwe-bipolar: i-betaine, imidazoline, iityuwa ze-amino acid. Non ionic: alkoxylates, polyol esters, fatty acid esters, alkyl amides, alkyl glycosides. Ukukhethwa kwe-surfactant kuxhomekeke kwimeko yezinto eziprintiweyo kunye nenkqubo ye-inki. Ke ngoko, xa sithetha ngokungqongqo, i-agent ye-inki yenkunkuma yephepha ikakhulu yifomula ehlanganisiweyo yothotho lwee-surfactants.
Isicelo kwisiphelo esimanzi sokwenza iphepha
Ii-surfactants zokulinganisa zibalulekile iikhemikhali zokuphela kwamanzi ezibonelela ngokumelana namanzi kwiphepha kunye nekhadibhodi. Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukubhala, ukuprinta, ukupakisha, kunye nephepha lokwakha kunye nekhadibhodi.
Iintlobo eziphambili zee-agent zokulinganisa zi-agent ezisekelwe kwi-rosin kunye ne-synthetic based sizeing agents. Ukulungiswa kobukhulu be-rosin yinkqubo yomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, apho i-rosin eqinile ithatha ubushushu kwaye ibe yi-rosin engamanzi. Kukho ukungavisisani okukhulu phakathi kolwelo lwe-rosin kunye namanzi, kwaye ukunciphisa le ntlupheko yobuso kunokufezekiswa kuphela ngokudibanisa izinto ezixutywayo. Ii-emulsifiers kunye ne-dispersants zokusasaza i-rosin gum zombini zii-surfactants. Ukukhetha i-surfactant echanekileyo sisitshixo sokulungisa itshungama yerosin esasaziweyo, kwaye eziqhele ukusetyenziswa ziquka i-anionic, i-cationic, kunye ne-zwitterionic agents. Eyona emulsifier isetyenziswa kakhulu eTshayina yi anionic dispersed rosin gum, kwaye ezona emulsifiers ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo luhlobo polyoxyethylene, ezifana fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, sodium 2-hydroxy-3- (styrene glycol) acrylic sulfonate, sodium 2-hydroxy-3- (nonoxyethylene sulfonane acrylic, nonylphenoxy-3-). i-cationic emulsifiers ezifana ne-cationic polyacrylamide, i-polyamide polyamide epichlorohydrin, kunye nesitashi se-cationic zisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela ubungakanani berosin esasazekileyo.
Ii-Synthetic sizing agents ikakhulu ziquka i-alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) kunye ne-alkyl succinic anhydride (ASA). Ezi ntlobo zimbini zee-agent zokulinganisa zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-reactive sizeing agents kuba ziqulathe amaqela asebenzayo asebenzayo anokumelana namaqela e-hydroxyl eentsinga kwaye ahlale kwimicu. Ngenxa yobuchule babo bokufumana iimeko eziphezulu ze-pH (pH = 7.5-8.5), olu hlobo lwe-ejenti yokulinganisa luyathandwa kwishishini lephepha njengoko linokusebenzisa i-calcium carbonate engabizi njenge-filler ukuphucula amandla, ubumhlophe, kunye nokusebenza kwephepha. Okwangoku, ngaphezulu kwe-50% yamaphepha aphezulu kumazwe aphuhlileyo aphumelele ukwenza iphepha eliphakathi ukuya kwe-alkaline. I-AKD kunye ne-ASA azinyibiliki emanzini, kwaye i-lotion ye-AKD ezinzileyo inokulungiswa ngokusebenzisa i-polyoxyethylene uhlobo lwe-non-ionic surfactant njenge-emulsifier.
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuxutywa kwe-pulp ephathwa nge-surfactants yokulawula i-resin, i-resin eseleyo iya kudlula. Ukuba ayihlukananga ngexesha, iya kwenza iidiphozithi ze-viscous ezihambelana nezixhobo, i-mesh yobhedu yomatshini wephepha, ilaphu loboya, kunye neesilinda ezomileyo, ezibangela imiqobo yokwenza iphepha, echaphazela ukwenza iphepha eliqhelekileyo, kunye nokubangela izifo zephepha. Ukongeza, ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwephepha elilahlwayo namhlanje, izinto ezisekelwe kwintlaka ezifana nokuncamathelisa, izibophelelo ze-inki, kunye nezinto zokuncamathelisa zokuncamathelisa kwiphepha lenkunkuma zisenokwenza imiqobo yentlaka echaphazela ukwenziwa kwephepha. Ke ngoko, uphando kunye nophuhliso lweearhente zokulawula umqobo we-resin ziye zabaluleke kakhulu.
Iiarhente ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zokulawula isithintelo se-resin ziquka izihluzi ezingaphiliyo (ezifana ne-talc powder), imichiza yokungunda, i-surfactants, i-chelating agents, iipolymers ze-cationic, i-lipases, kunye ne-membrane yokwahlula i-agent. Ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zisetyenziswa zenza i-anionic surfactants, ezizezona zisetyenziswayo ngoku, kuquka iisulfate zotywala eziphezulu, ialkylbenzene sulfonic acids, kunye neziselo ezinxilisayo, iiphosphates, njl. njl. I-non-ionic surfactants ikakhulu ibandakanya i-polyethylene glycol kunye ne-polyols. Ukongeza, kukho ii-amphoteric surfactants kunye ne-multicomponent complexes. I-ejenti yokuhlutha kwakhona i-arhente yokulawula i-resin esetyenziselwa ukulawula ukunamathela phakathi kwesomisi kunye nephepha lephepha, ukuthambisa i-scraper kunye ne-dryer, kunye nokulawula ukuhanjiswa kwe-adhesive. Ibandakanya ikakhulu i-polyamide polymer lotion, efana ne-polyvinyl alcohol lotion, i-oyile yeminerali kunye neqonga elihambelana ne-surfactant lokutshiza i-organic silicon lotion kunye ne-polyamine polyamide cationic polymer.
I-surfactant yokukhupha amagwebu
Kwinkqubo yokwenza iphepha, i-pulp iqulethe ixabiso elincinci lendalo kunye ne-artificially eyongeziweyo i-foam surfactants efana ne-technical elements kunye ne-fatty acids, kunye ne-stabilizers ye-foam efana ne-synthetic polymers kunye ne-starch. Ngoko ke, i-foam iya kubonakala, ibangele iingxaki ezifana nokuphulwa kwephepha okanye imingxuma kwiphepha. Izinto eziphambili ezisebenzayo ze-defoamers ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iphepha yi-carbon alcohols ephezulu, i-polyethers, i-fatty acid esters, i-organic silicon polymers, njl. Ngokuqhelekileyo zilungiselelwe emanzini kwi-oyile lotion.
I-Softener yokwenza iphepha
Ukuthamba kubhekisa ekukwazini kwee-surfactants ukwenza amaqela e-hydrophobic kumphezulu weentsinga kwaye zibhengeze kwicala elibuyela umva, ukunciphisa i-coefficients eguquguqukayo kunye ne-static ye-friction yemathiriyeli yefayibha, ngaloo ndlela befezekisa ukuva okugudileyo nokuthambileyo. Iviniga ye-Sulfuric acid, ioli ye-sulfonated castor, kunye nezinye i-anionic surfactants zibonisa impembelelo yokuthambisa xa ibhengezwa kumphezulu wemicu.
Amaqela e-cationic kwi-cationic surfactants angakwazi ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye neefayili ezihlawuliswa kakubi, ngelixa amaqela e-hydrophobic enza iindawo ezisezantsi zamandla ngaphandle kweefayili, okubangelwa ngokukodwa ukuguquguquka okulungileyo. I-asidi enamafutha i-bisamide epichlorohydrin isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiphepha elineemfuno eziphezulu zokuguquguquka, njengephepha lendlu yangasese, iphepha elishwabeneyo, iinapkins zococeko, iitshefu, i-napkins, njl.
I-bipolar ionic surfactants inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Amaqela abo e-cationic angenza i-bond kunye ne-fibers, ngelixa amaqela abo e-anionic angakwazi ukubopha ngeefayili ngokusebenzisa i-polyelectrolytes okanye i-aluminium ion kwi-pulp. Zinokubangela ukuba amaqela e-hydrophobic alungelelanise ngaphandle, ukunciphisa kakhulu amandla angaphezulu. Imizekelo yezi surfactants ibandakanya 1 (. 9 'aminoethyl). 2. Ishumi elinesixhenxe le-alkyl imidazoline carboxylic acid derivatives. Ukongeza, zombini i-cationic kunye ne-amphoteric surfactants ine-antibacterial kunye ne-bactericidal properties, enokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo iphepha kwi-moldy.
I-Organosilicon surfactants zeze-surfactants ezikhethekileyo, kunye ne-cationic organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts zisetyenziswa ikakhulu njengezithambisi. Kukho nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zokuthambisa, ezifana ne-stearic acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyoxyethylene lanolin, wax emulsified, njl.
I-Softener yokwenza iphepha
Ukuthamba kubhekisa ekukwazini kwee-surfactants ukwenza amaqela e-hydrophobic kumphezulu weentsinga kwaye zibhengeze kwicala elibuyela umva, ukunciphisa i-coefficients eguquguqukayo kunye ne-static ye-friction yemathiriyeli yefayibha, ngaloo ndlela befezekisa ukuva okugudileyo nokuthambileyo. Iviniga ye-Sulfuric acid, ioli ye-sulfonated castor, kunye nezinye i-anionic surfactants zibonisa impembelelo yokuthambisa xa ibhengezwa kumphezulu wemicu.
Amaqela e-cationic kwi-cationic surfactants angakwazi ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye neefayili ezihlawuliswa kakubi, ngelixa amaqela e-hydrophobic enza iindawo ezisezantsi zamandla ngaphandle kweefayili, okubangelwa ngokukodwa ukuguquguquka okulungileyo. I-asidi enamafutha i-bisamide epichlorohydrin isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiphepha elineemfuno eziphezulu zokuguquguquka, njengephepha lendlu yangasese, iphepha elishwabeneyo, iinapkins zococeko, iitshefu, i-napkins, njl.
I-bipolar ionic surfactants inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Amaqela abo e-cationic angenza i-bond kunye ne-fibers, ngelixa amaqela abo e-anionic angakwazi ukubopha ngeefayili ngokusebenzisa i-polyelectrolytes okanye i-aluminium ion kwi-pulp. Zinokubangela ukuba amaqela e-hydrophobic alungelelanise ngaphandle, ukunciphisa kakhulu amandla angaphezulu. Imizekelo yezi surfactants ibandakanya 1 (. 9 'aminoethyl). 2. Ishumi elinesixhenxe le-alkyl imidazoline carboxylic acid derivatives. Ukongeza, zombini i-cationic kunye ne-amphoteric surfactants ine-antibacterial kunye ne-bactericidal properties, enokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo iphepha kwi-moldy.
I-Organosilicon surfactants zeze-surfactants ezikhethekileyo, kunye ne-cationic organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts zisetyenziswa ikakhulu njengezithambisi.
Kukho nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zokuthambisa, ezifana ne-stearic acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyoxyethylene lanolin, wax emulsified, njl.
I-arhente ye-Antistatic
Kwimveliso yephepha elicwangcisiweyo elikhethekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha iingxaki ezichasene ne-static zingadibana. Ukusebenzisa i-surfactants ukunyanga ulwelo kunokuvelisa umphezulu we-hydrophilic wangaphandle. Oko kukuthi, njenge-agent echasene ne-static, i-surfactant yenza i-adsorption enhle phezu kwezinto eziphathekayo, yenza iqela le-hydrophobic kwindawo yezinto eziphathekayo. Amaqela e-Hydrophilic anda esithubeni, enyusa i-ion conductivity kunye nokufunxa ukufuma kwe-fibers, okukhokelela ekuphumeni kwezinto kunye nokuncipha kokumelana nomphezulu, ngaloo ndlela kuthintele ukuqokelelwa kombane omileyo. I-surfactants esetyenziswa njenge-anti-static agents inamaqela amakhulu e-hydrophobic kunye namaqela anamandla e-hydrophilic. I-cationic surfactants inosetyenziso oluphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ilandelwa zii-amphoteric surfactants.
Ifayibha dispersant
Umsebenzi ophambili we-fiber dispersants kukunciphisa i-fiber flocculation kunye nokuphucula ukwenza iphepha. I-Fiber dispersants inokwenza isakhiwo se-bilayer kumphezulu weefayili. Isiphelo sepolar sesabalalisi sangaphandle sinobudlelwane obuqinileyo namanzi, sinyusa inqanaba lokumanzisa ngamanzi kunye nokugxotha umbane ongashukumiyo ukufikelela ukusasazwa. Iifayibha ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zibandakanya i-polyacrylamide (PAM), i-polyethylene oxide (PlEO), njl njl. I-PEO ine-viscosity ephezulu, ukunyibilika kakuhle kwamanzi, kunye nokuthambisa okulungileyo. Ukongeza ngaphantsi kwe-0.05% kwiphepha lezindlu zangasese eziphezulu kunokufikelela kwisiphumo esihle sokusasazeka.
Ukusetyenziswa kokulinganisa umphezulu kunye nokwaleka ekwenzeni iphepha
Ukulinganisa umphezulu kunye nokugquma zombini kubandakanya ukusebenzisa iikhemikhali kumphezulu wephepha, ngokuyintloko ukuphucula iipropathi zayo zomphezulu, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo koshicilelo, kunye nemfezeko iyonke. Kodwa kukho iiyantlukwano ezininzi phakathi kwezi zimbini, umahluko ophambili kukuba ukuncamathelisa komphezulu kudla ngokusetyenziswa kuphela izinto zokuncamathelisa, ngelixa ukugquma kusebenzisa izinto zokuncamathelisa kunye nebala; I-adhesive esetyenziselwa ukugubungela umphezulu igxininiswe kwiphepha, ngelixa i-pigment ifakwe kwi-surface yephepha.
Ii-surfactants zokulinganisa umphezulu
Ngokwezinto eziphathekayo, inokwahlulwa ibe yimveliso yendalo kunye nokuguqulwa kunye neemveliso zokwenziwa; Ngokwepropathi ye-ionic, inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ze-anionic, i-cationic kunye ne-non-ionic; ngokohlobo lwemveliso, inokwahlulwa ibe yintlobo yesisombululo esinamanzi kunye nohlobo lokuthambisa. I-adhesives ye-surface esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo inamaqela e-hydrophobic kunye ne-hydrophilic, ngoko ngokubanzi, zonke ziyi-surfactants. Ezona arhente zokulinganisa umphezulu zibandakanya isitashi esilungisiweyo, i-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), i-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), kunye ne-polyacrylamide (PAM). Ii-agent ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa umgangatho zingakhethwa ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo: ① Ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kwamanzi, i-AKD, i-rosin esasaziweyo, iparafini, i-chromium chloride stearate, i-styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, kunye nenye i-latex yokwenziwa kweresin ingasetyenziswa; ② Ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kweoli, i-organic fluorinated compounds ezifana ne-perfluoroalkyl acrylate copolymers, i-perfluorooctanoic acid chromium complexes, i-perfluoroalkyl phosphates, njl. ④ Ukuphucula ukusebenza koshicilelo, ikakhulu usebenzisa isitashi esilungisiweyo, iCMC, iPVA, njl. njl. Ukuze kuphuculwe isiphumo sokulinganisa umphezulu, kuqhelekile ukusebenzisa i-agent ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zokulinganisa kunye, kwaye umphumo ubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukugquma ii-surfactants
Ukubunjwa kweengubo zokucutshungulwa kokucoca ikakhulu kubandakanya i-adhesives, ii-pigments, kunye nezinye izongezo. I-coating ngokwayo i-compound eyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye iyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zephepha elithile kunye nokubunjwa kwefomula. I-surfactants idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqulunqweni kweengubo zephepha, ngokukodwa kubandakanywa i-coating dispersants, i-defoamers, i-lubricant, i-preservatives, i-anti-static agents, kunye ne-synthetic latex.
I-Coating dispersant: Yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokongeza kwiingubo, uninzi lwazo zi-surfactants. Ukusebenza kwayo kuku- ① ukunika amasuntswana e-pigment ngeentlawulo, ezibangela ukuba zivelise amandla anyanyekayo omnye komnye; ② Ukugubungela umphezulu we-pigment particles, isebenza njenge-colloid ekhuselayo; ③ Yenza imo ephezulu ye-viscosity ejikeleze amasuntswana ukuthintela amasuntswana amaninzi ukuba adityaniswe. Ii-dispersants zakuqala ezazisetyenziswa yayiyi-phosphates, i-polysilicates, i-diammonium hydrogen phosphate, imveliso ye-condensation ye-benzenesulfonic acid kunye ne-formaldehyde, i-casein, i-resin yesi-Arabhu, njl. Kwizinto zokugquma umxholo oqinileyo, ubunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli be-organic dispersants njengesisombululo se-sodium polyacrylate, i-polymethacrylate ye-sodium kunye ne-derivatives yayo, isisombululo setyuwa ye-disodium ye-diisobutylene maleic anhydride copolymer, kunye ne-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether kunye ne-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether zisetyenziswa rhoqo.
I-Defoamer: i-foam idla ngokuveliswa kwinkqubo yokulungiswa kwengubo kunye nokugubungela, kwaye i-defoamer kufuneka ifakwe. Kukho ikakhulu ii-alcohols eziphezulu, i-fatty acid esters, i-tributyl phosphate, i-tripropyl phosphate, njl.
I-Lubricant: Ukuze kuphuculwe ubumanzi kunye nokuthambisa kwamaphepha, ukomeleza ukuncamathelisa, ukunika iingubo zephepha ukuguda kunye nokukhazimla, ukonyusa iplastiki, ukuthintela ukuqhekeka, kunye nokuphucula ukuprintwa kwephepha eligqunyiweyo, izinto zokuthambisa zingongezwa. Ezona zithambiso zisetyenziswa kakhulu okwangoku zisepha zesinyithi ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezimelwe yicalcium stearate, kunye nezithambisi ezinyibilikayo zesodium stearate nazo zinefuthe elibalulekileyo. Iihidrobhoni zeparafini kunye neeamine zeasidi ezinamafutha nazo zinokusetyenziswa njengezithambisi.
Izikhuselo: Ezinye izinto zokuncamathelisa zendalo ziqhelene nokuthotywa kunye nokukhula komngundo, ngoko ke i-spines anti-corrosion kufuneka yongezwe kwiingubo zephepha. I-quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants, i-fluorinated cyclic compounds, i-organic bromine kunye ne-sulfur compounds, i-N - (2-benzimidazolyl) i-carbamate (i-carbendazim), njl. isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiingubo zephepha.
I-Agent ye-Antistatic: Ngokudibanisa i-octadecyltrimethylammonium fluoride, i-polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester, i-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, i-polystyrene sulfonate, njl.
I-latex yokwenziwa: I-latex yokwenziwa yinto ebalulekileyo yokuncamathelisa. Kwinkqubo yokulungiselela i-latex yokwenziwa, i-surfactants idlala indima ebalulekileyo njenge-emulsifiers, i-dispersants, i-stabilizers, njl.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-31-2024