Iimveliso zethu eziphambili: i-amino silicone, i-silicone yebhloko, i-silicone ye-hydrophilic, yonke i-silicone emulsion yayo, i-emulsion ye-silicone, iphucula ukukhawuleza kwamanzi, i-repellent yamanzi (i-Fluorine free, i-Carbon 6, i-Carbon 8), i-demin yokuhlamba iikhemikhali (ABS, i-Enzyme, i-Spandex isikhuseli, i-Manganese remover) , Amazwe angaphandle kumazwe angaphandle: i-India, i-Pakistanrk, i-Bangladesh, i-U.

 

Kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kweekhemikhali, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, uthuli kunye nokungcola okunje ngeepolymers, i-coking, ioli kunye nothuli, isikali, intlenga, kunye neemveliso ezinobungozi zinokuthi zenzeke kwizixhobo kunye nemibhobho. Oku kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukucoca izixhobo zekhemikhali.

Ukucoca izixhobo zekhemikhali kubandakanya iindidi ezimbini: ukucocwa kwe-intanethi kunye nokucoca ngaphandle kwe-intanethi.

 

Ukucoca kwi-Intanethi

Sebenzisa inqaba yokupholisa kwisixokelelwano samanzi esijikelezayo njengebhokisi yedosi ukongeza imichiza kwisixokelelwano sokujikeleza kwendalo.

Iingenelo: Isixhobo akufuneki sivalwe kwaye asichaphazeli imveliso eqhelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Ububi: Isiphumo sokucoca asisihle kakhulu xa sithelekisa nokucoca ngaphandle kweintanethi. Ixesha elide lokucoca kunye neengozi ezibalulekileyo zokubola kwizixhobo.

 

Ukuhlamba ngaphandle kweintanethi

Kubhekiselele kwinkqubo yokuqhawula amacandelo aza kucocwa kwisixhobo okanye kwimibhobho kunye nokusiwa kwenye indawo (ngokunxulumene nendawo yokuqala yamacandelo) ukuze kucocwe.

Ukucoca okungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kunokwahlulwa kukucoca ngokomzimba kunye nokucoca iikhemikhali.

Ukucoca ngokomzimba: Sebenzisa amanzi ahamba ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukucoca izixhobo. Kufuneka izixhobo zokucoca uxinzelelo oluphezulu.

Ukucoca imichiza: Thatha umtshintshi wobushushu ngokwahlukileyo kwaye uqhagamshele imibhobho yokungena kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi ajikelezayo kwisithuthi sokucoca ukuze sijikeleze. Ukucoca ngemichiza kunezi mpawu zilandelayo:

Izinto eziluncedo: Ukunciphisa umthamo wamayeza kunye nesiphumo esihle sokucoca.

Ukungalungi: Izixhobo ezihambelanayo zifunekayo, ezifana nokucoca iimoto okanye iitanki zamanzi, iimpompo eziphezulu zoxinzelelo, iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa i-valve, izixhobo ze-welding, njl.

 

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokucocwa kweekhemikhali: ukuhlamba i-asidi kunye nokuhlamba i-alkali.

Ukuhlamba i-alkali: ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukususa izinto eziphilayo, i-microorganisms, amabala e-oyile kunye nezinye iziqhotyoshelo ngaphakathi kwesixhobo, ezifana ne-rust inhibitors esetyenziswa ngexesha lofakelo lwezixhobo. Ukuhlanjwa kwealkaline nako kunokudlala indima ekukhululeni, ekukhululeni, ekufakeni imifuziselo, nasekusasazeni iityuwa ezingaphiliyo. Iiarhente zokucoca eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-sodium hydroxide, i-sodium carbonate, i-trisodium phosphate, njl.

Ukuhlamba i-Acid: ngokuyintloko ukususa ukubekwa kweetyuwa ze-inorganic, ezifana ne-carbonates, i-sulfates, i-silica scales, njl. Ii-agent eziqhelekileyo zokucoca ziquka i-organic acids efana ne-hydrochloric acid, i-sulfuric acid, kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid. Iiasidi ze-Organic ezifana ne-citric acid kunye ne-amino sulfonic acid.

 

Kutheni izixhobo zekhemikhali zicocekile?
1.Imfuneko yokucoca phambi kokuba uqhube

Ukucocwa kweekhemikhali ngaphambi kokuqhuba kubalulekile ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokuphepha impembelelo yokungcola kwimveliso. Ke ngoko, phambi kokuba isixhobo esitsha sekhemikhali siqalise ukusebenza, kufuneka sicocwe phambi kokuba siqalise.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa imichiza ibandakanya izinto ezininzi zemichiza ekrwada kwaye ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwee-catalysts. Iimfuno zokucoceka kwezinto ezithile eziluhlaza kunye ne-catalysts ziphezulu kakhulu, ngoko kukho iimfuno eziphezulu zokucoceka kwezixhobo kunye nemibhobho ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Nakuphi na ukungcola kunokubangela ityhefu ye-catalyst, ukusabela kwecala, kunye nokonakalisa yonke inkqubo. Ukongeza, izixhobo ezithile kunye nezincedisi kwisixhobo zineemfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo okanye zinovakalelo oluphezulu kwiziphumo eziyingozi zokungcola. Ngoko ke, naluphi na ukungenelela kokungcola komatshini kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukonakalisa umgangatho wamacandelo achanekileyo kunye nokuchaphazela imveliso eqhelekileyo.

2. Imfuneko yokucoca emva kokuqala umsebenzi

Izixhobo zemichiza, xa zisetyenziswa ixesha elide, zinokuvelisa uthuli olunje ngeepolymers, i-coking, i-oyile kunye nokungcola, isikali samanzi, intlenga kunye neemveliso ezidliwayo, ezichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwezixhobo zemichiza. Ukucocwa kwangexesha kwezixhobo zeekhemikhali kunokwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo, kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle, kuqinisekise ukhuseleko, nokunciphisa ilahleko yezoqoqosho.

Ngoko ke, enoba ngaphambi kokuba uqhube okanye emva kokuzisebenzisa kangangexesha elithile, izixhobo zifanele zicocwe, nto leyo engumsebenzi obalulekileyo wokulungisa yonke imihla.

 

Zeziphi iinkqubo zokucoca izixhobo zekhemikhali?

Ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokucoca izixhobo

Phambi kokucoca, amacandelo akwisixhobo okanye isixhobo esinokonakala kunye nokonakala kwisisombululo sokucoca, esifana neevalvu ezilawulayo kunye neemitha zokuhamba, kufuneka zisuswe, kwaye i-core filter (i-mesh) kunye ne-valve yendlela enye kufuneka isuswe. Yaye imilinganiselo enjengokongeza imibhobho emifutshane yokwexeshana, iindawo zokudlula, okanye iipleyiti ezingaboniyo zifanele zithathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho kuvuza okanye ukonakaliswa kwamanye amacandelo ebudeni benkqubo yokucoca, nokwahlula izixhobo ezicociweyo kwizixhobo ezingacocekanga kunye nemibhobho.

 

Iinkqubo zokucoca kunye neemeko zenkqubo

1. Indlela yokucoca

Ngokwemeko ethile yezixhobo, ukucocwa komjikelo wokucwina okanye ukucocwa kokutshiza kungasetyenziswa.

Xa usebenzisa ukucoca umjikelo wokucwina, indawo ephantsi yokungena phezulu, inkqubo yokubuya kwe-ammonia ingamkelwa.

Xa usebenzisa ukucoca isitshizi, inkqubo yokungena kwamanzi kwindawo ephezulu kunye ne-low point reflux inokwamkelwa.

I-2.Inkqubo yokucoca kunye neqondo lokucocwa kweekhemikhali ngokubanzi ziquka inkqubo yokubona ukuvuza koxinzelelo lwamanzi (ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi), ukuchithwa kwamanzi, ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi, ukuhlamba i-asidi, ukuhlanjululwa, ukungathathi hlangothi, ukugqithiswa, ukuhlolwa, kunye nokuphathwa ngesandla.

Oku kulandelayo kunika iinkcazo ngenkqubo nganye.

Injongo yokufumanisa ukuvuza koxinzelelo lwamanzi (ukugungxulwa kwamanzi) kukukhangela imeko yokuvuza kweenkqubo zexeshana, kunye nokususa uthuli, intlenga, i-oxide yentsimbi ekhutshiweyo, i-welding slag, kunye nolunye ukungcola okuxekethileyo nokususwa ngokulula kwinkqubo.

Injongo yokucoca i-degreasing kukususa i-oyile ye-oyile efana neoli ye-mechanical, igrisi yegraphite, i-oyile yokugcoba, kunye ne-oyile ye-rust kwinkqubo yokuqinisekisa nokuhlamba i-asidi.

Injongo yokuhlamba amanzi emva kokutshatyalaliswa kukususa i-alkaline eseleyo yokucoca i-agent kwi-system kunye nokususa ukungcola okuthile kumphezulu. Susa into.

Injongo yokuhlamba i-asidi kukususa izinto ezinyibilikayo ngokusabela kweekhemikhali phakathi kwe-asidi kunye nee-oxide zetsimbi.

Injongo yokuhlanjululwa ngamanzi emva kokuhlamba i-asidi kukususa isisombululo sokuhlamba i-asidi eseleyo kunye neengqungquthela eziqinileyo eziye zawa kwinkqubo yokuhlanjululwa kunye nokunyangwa kwe-passivation.

Injongo yokuhlanjululwa kukusebenzisa i-ammonium citrate kwi-chelate kunye ne-iron ye-iron eseleyo kwisistim kunye nokususa i-rust edadayo eyenziwe ngexesha lokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi, ukunciphisa i-ion concentration ye-iron kwi-system kunye nokuqinisekisa umphumo wokudlula okulandelayo.

Injongo ye-neutralization kunye ne-passivation process kukususa isisombululo se-asidi eseleyo, ngelixa i-passivation kukuthintela umphezulu wesinyithi okwimo esebenzayo emva kokuhlamba i-asidi ukusuka kwi-oxidizing kunye nokuvelisa umhlwa odadayo wesibini.

 

Ukucoca emva kokuqalisa umsebenzi

Izixhobo zekhemikhali ezisebenza iminyaka eyi-1-2 okanye ngaphezulu zihlala zibambelela kwisikali se-iron oxide okanye intsimbi equlethe isikali. Isikali sobhedu siqulethe i-copper oxide (CuO), isiseko se-carbonate yethusi [Cu2 (OH) 2CO3], kunye nobhedu lwensimbi.

Isikali somhlwa sinokususwa ngokubanzi ngokuhlamba iasidi. Indlela kunye namanyathelo okuhlamba i-asidi ngokusisiseko iyafana nendlela yokucoca izixhobo ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi.

Xa umxholo wobhedu kumdaka uphezulu, awukwazi ukususwa ngokuhlamba i-asidi yodwa. Kuyimfuneko ukususa icandelo lobhedu ngamanzi ammonia ngaphambi kokuhlamba i-asidi.

Izikali ze-Copper kunye ne-copper oxide zihlala zenza iziqhotyoshelo ezinobumba kunye ne-iron oxides, okunzima ukuyicoca kwaye kufuneka icocwe ngaphambi kokubunjwa kweziqhotyoshelo ezifakwe kwi-layer.

 

Indlela yokucoca umtshintshi wobushushu?

Ukucocwa kokutshintsha kobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo kwahlulahlulwe ngamacandelo amabini: ukucoca ngoomatshini kunye nokucoca imichiza.

 

Ukucoca ngoomatshini

Indlela yokucoca ngoomatshini ixhomekeke ekuhambeni kwamanzi okanye isenzo somatshini ukubonelela amandla amakhulu kumandla okubambelela kokungcola, okubangela ukuba ukungcola kususwe kwindawo yokutshintsha ubushushu.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeendlela zokucoca ngoomatshini: enye yindlela yokucoca eyomeleleyo, njengokucoca ukutshiza kwamanzi, ukucocwa kwe-steam spray, ukucocwa kwe-sandblasting, i-scraper okanye i-drill bit descaling, njl. Olunye uhlobo lokucoca ngoomatshini, njengokucoca ibrashi yocingo kunye nokucoca ibhola yerabha. Ngezantsi kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeendlela:

Ukucoca ukutshiza kuyindlela yokuhla usebenzisa ukutshiza kwamanzi okuxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye impembelelo yomatshini. Xa usebenzisa le ndlela, uxinzelelo lwamanzi luyi-20 ~ 50MPa ngokubanzi. Ngoku kukho uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-50-70Mpa esetyenziswayo.

Ukucoca ukutshiza, okufana noyilo kunye nokusebenza ukutshiza ukucoca, sisixhobo esitshiza umphunga kwityhubhu kunye namacala eqokobhe otshintshiselwano lobushushu ukususa ubumdaka ngempembelelo kunye nobushushu.

Ukucoca i-Sandblasting yinkqubo yokusebenzisa umoya oxinzelelweyo (300-350kPa) ngokusebenzisa umpu wokutshiza ukuvelisa isantya esiqinileyo somgca kwisanti ye-quartz ekhuselweyo (ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu be-particle ye-3-5mm), egubha udonga lwangaphakathi lombhobho wokushisa ukushisa, ukususa ukungcola, kunye nokubuyisela iimpawu zokuqala zokufudumeza ukushisa kombhobho.

I-scraper okanye i-drill bit descaling, lo matshini wokucoca ufanelekile kuphela ukucoca ukungcola ngaphakathi kwimibhobho okanye iisilinda. Faka i-scraper descaling okanye i-drill bit phezulu kwi-shaft ejikelezayo ejikelezayo, kwaye ujikeleze i-scraper okanye i-drill bit ngomoya ocinezelweyo okanye umbane (kwakhona usebenzisa amanzi okanye umphunga).

Ukucocwa kwebhola yerabha kwenziwa kusetyenziswa isicoci esiqhumayo. I-shot blasting cleaner yenziwe ngebhola ye-sponge kunye ne-fluid spray gun etyhala ibhola ngaphakathi kumbhobho ukuze icocwe. Ibhola imile okweqokobhe kwaye ikhutshiwe kwisiponji se-polyurethane esinogwebu esiqinileyo, esinwebekayo.

 

Ukucoca imichiza

Indlela yokucoca iikhemikhali ibandakanya ukongeza i-agent ehlayo, i-acids, i-enzymes, njl njl kwi-fluid yokunciphisa ukudibanisa phakathi kokungcola kunye nobushushu bokutshintshana kobushushu, okubangela ukuba kuhlanjululwe kwindawo yokutshintsha ukushisa.

Iindlela zangoku zokucoca iikhemikhali ezisetyenziswayo zezi:

Indlela yokujikeleza: Sebenzisa impompo ukunyanzela isisombululo sokucoca ukujikeleza ukucoca.

Indlela yokuntywila: Gcwalisa izixhobo ngesisombululo sokucoca kwaye uvumele ukuba ume ixesha elithile.

Indlela yokunyuka: Gcwalisa izixhobo ngesisombululo sokucoca, ukhuphe inxalenye yesisombululo sokucoca ukusuka ngezantsi ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo, uze uphinde ubuyisele ulwelo olukhutshiweyo kwisixhobo ukufezekisa injongo yokucoca nokucoca.

 

Indlela yokucoca iketile yokusabela?

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokucoca iinqanawa zokuphendula: ukucoca ngoomatshini, ukucocwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokucoca ngesandla.

 

Ukucoca ngoomatshini

Ukucocwa komatshini: Ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokucoca i-high-pressure, ukuhamba kwamanzi oxinzelelo oluphezulu kusetyenziselwa ukukhupha kwi-nozzle, ukuphula isikali esinzima kwindonga yangaphakathi yesitya sokusabela kunye nomphezulu we-agitator, ukucoca ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokususa.

Umgaqo wokucoca ijethi yamanzi oxinzelelo oluphezulu kukucinezela amanzi kuxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye emva koko uyikhulule ngombhobho ofakwe kwirobhothi yokucoca efakwe kwi-kettle. Uxinzelelo lunokuguqulwa lube yi-kinetic yamandla okuhamba kwamanzi, okunokuchaphazela ukungcola kwodonga ukufezekisa iziphumo zokucoca kunye nokususwa.
Ukucoca imichiza

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukubunjwa kwesampulu yesikali ngaphakathi kwesixhobo sereactor, ngokukhethekileyo ngesampulu kunye nohlalutyo. Emva kokumisela ukubunjwa kokungcola, qhuba iimvavanyo kuqala, khetha ii-agent zokucoca, kwaye uqinisekise ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ukuba aziyi kubangela ukubola kwezixhobo zetsimbi. Emva koko, isixhobo sokujikeleza kwexeshana sisekwe kwisiza ukujikeleza isisombululo sokucoca ngaphakathi kwesixhobo kwaye sihlambe ukungcola.

Okokuqala, hlambulula i-blade yokuxuba kunye nodonga lwangaphakathi lweketile kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wamanzi, kwaye ukhuphe ngokupheleleyo.

Gubha inqanawa yokusabela nge-solvent ngesixhobo esicinezelekileyo.

Ukuba umphumo wokucoca awufezekiswanga, yongeza inani elifanelekileyo le-solvent kwi-kettle yokusabela, ukufudumala, ukugubha kunye ne-reflux de iimfuno zokucoca zifezekiswe, uze ukhulule i-solvent.

Ekugqibeleni, hlambulula udonga lwangaphakathi lwesitya sokusabela kunye nenani elithile le-solvent kwaye uyikhulule.

Ukungena ngesandla kwiketile kunye nokucoca ngesandla

Ixabiso eliphantsi lolona ncedo lwayo, kodwa ludinga iiyure ezininzi zokungena komoya kunye nokutshintshiselana komoya ngaphambi kokungena kwi-reactor. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucoca, i-oxygen concentration ngaphakathi kwe-reactor kufuneka ibekwe iliso ngamaxesha onke, okubeka umngcipheko wokungabikho kwe-oxygen; Kwangaxeshanye, ukukhuhla ngesandla akusileli kuphela ukucoceka ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kukwabangela namanqaku okutyibilika eludongeni lwangaphakathi lomkhumbi wokusabela, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubambeleleni ngakumbi kweentsalela. Ukucoca i-kettle kunokubangela imiba yococeko kunye nemveliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuthatha malunga nesiqingatha sosuku ukuya ngosuku ukucoca iketile.

Indlela nganye kwezi zintathu ineengenelo zayo kunye nokungalunganga:

Ukucocwa komatshini akudli izixhobo kwaye kunokucoca ngokufanelekileyo isikali esinzima, kodwa kuthatha ixesha elide kwaye kufuna ukunyanzeliswa kwabasebenzi;

Ukucocwa kweekhemikhali kufuna umsebenzi omncinci, kunexesha elifutshane lokucoca, kunye nokucoca ngokucokisekileyo, kodwa kunokubangela ukuba izixhobo zidle;

Ukungena ngesandla kwi-kettle yokucoca kuyindleko ephantsi, kodwa ithwala inqanaba eliphezulu lengozi kwaye ayikwazi ukucocwa ngokupheleleyo.

Ngoko ke, ukucocwa kweekhemikhali kusetyenziswa kwiimeko zokusebenza apho ukungcola kuthambile kwaye kuncinci, ngelixa ukucocwa komatshini kusetyenziswa kwiimeko zokusebenza apho ukungcola kunzima kwaye kunzima.