Eli nqaku ligxile kwindlela yokulwa i-gemini ye-gemipha, ekulindeleke ukuba isebenze ekunyamezeleni intsholongwane kwaye inokubonelela ngoncedo ekunciphiseni ukusasazeka kwe-coronavirsus entsha.
I-surfacnt, eyintsebenzo yamabinzana, esebenzayo kunye nearhente. I-surfcapecapes zizinto ezisebenza kwiindawo ezisebenza kunye nokudibana kwaye zinobuchule obuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komphezulu wokuncitshiswa (umda o-ofisini) kwizisombululo ezithile kwaye ke kunoluhlu lwemisebenzi yesicelo. I-surfacents inayo izenzo zokungahambi kakuhle, ubuchule bokuzihlaziya, kunye neepropathi ze-antist, kwaye zibe nezinto eziphambili zokuphucula iinkqubo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokunyusa ukusebenza kwemveliso. Ngophuhliso loluntu kunye nenkqubela phambili yenqanaba lemizi-mveliso, ukusetyenziswa kwe-surfcactives kusasazeka kwimichiza yoqoqosho mihla le, njengamandla okutya, unyango olungcolileyo kunye ne-biophapharmicals.
I-surpicals eqhelekileyo yi "Ampringhicilic" equka amaqela e-hylar hydropholic amaqela e-hydropholic, kwaye izakhiwo zabo zemolekyuli zibonisiwe kumzobo 1 (a).
Okwangoku, kuphuhliso lokuphuculwa kunye nokucwangciswa kwenkqubo kwimveliso yokwemveliso, imfuno yeepropathi ze-SUPFTER kwiNkqubo yeMveliso iyakhula ngokuthe ngcembe, ke kubalulekile ukufumana kunye nolwakhiwo olukhethekileyo. Ukufunyanwa kwe-Gemini Refaccations kubujonga kwezi zithuba kwaye kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zemveliso yezamashishini. I-gemini surmini yokugcina i-gemiping yindawo ezimbini ze-hydrophilic (ngokubanzi i-ionic okanye i-ionic okanye i-ionicic enepropathi ye-hydrophobic) kunye nee-hydrophobic ezimbini ze-alkyl.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1 Ngamafutshane, ubume be-gemimini surfacnt bunokuqondwa njengoko bubunjwe ngamaqela amabini entloko ye-hydrophilic ezimbini ze-surfact ekhethekileyo kunye neqela elinxibelelanayo.
Ulwakhiwo olukhethekileyo lwe-gemimini surfaction lukhokelela kumsebenzi wayo ophezulu, obangelwa:
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Umsebenzi we-gemimini susfacants unendawo ephezulu (umda), uxinzelelo olusezantsi lwe-mielle, ubuchule obungcono, ubuchule bokwahlulwa, ubuchule bokwahlulwa, kunye nokukwazi i-sulsital kunye nezakhono zentsholongwane xa kuthelekiswa ne-subfcaricants eqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukuphuculwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-gemin surfacants kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-surfcants.
I "Ampringlication" yemisebenzi yesiqhelo i-surfajics ibanika iipropathi ezingaphezulu komhlaba. Njengoko kubongelwe kumzobo 1 (c), xa i-surfacation eqhelekileyo yongezwa emanzini, i-Hydrophilic I-Hydrophobic i-Housit, kwaye iqela le-hydrophobic lithintela ukupheliswa kwemolekyuli ye-surfaction emanzini. Phantsi kwefuthe elidityanisiweyo lezi meko zimbini, iimolekyuli ze-surfihlants ziyatyetyiswa kwi-increen yegesi-yolwelo kwaye uqhubeke nelungiselelo elilungelelanisiweyo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa uxinzelelo lwamanzi. Ngokungafaniyo ngokungafaniyo ne-surfament eqhelekileyo, i-gemini surfaction yi "Dimrs" ezifake i-sundocals eqhelekileyo kunye namaqela omphezulu, enokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye ne-oyile / yamanzi ngokuthe ngqo. Ukongeza, i-gemini surfactives inoxinzelelo olusezantsi lwe-mielle, iluncedo lwamanzi olungcono, i-eulssisotion, inkqonkqoza, emanziyo kunye nendawo enamanzi.
| Ukwaziswa kwe-gemini surfacapes Ngo-1991, e-Menger kunye ne-littau [13] kulungisile i-chain yokuqala ye-bis-alkyl chain yeqela elidibeneyo, kwaye libizwa ngokuba yi "Gemini Reffactor". In the same year, Zana et al [14] prepared a series of quaternary ammonium salt Gemini Surfactants for the first time and systematically investigated the properties of this series of quaternary ammonium salt Gemini Surfactants. Ngo-1996, abaphandi baxhaswe ngokubanzi kwaye baxoxa ngomphezulu ophantsi (umda), iipropathi zokudibanisa, isisombululo se-geoeology kunye nenqanaba lokuziphatha kwenqanaba le-gemin ye-gemicapes eyahlukileyo. Ngo-2002, i-Zana [15] iphande ngempembelelo yamaqela onxibelelaniso olwahlukileyo kwi-Geemication ye-Gemini Refackient kwisisombululo esinamandla, umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Later, Qiu et al [16] invented a new method for the synthesis of Gemini Surfactants containing special structures based on cetyl bromide and 4-amino-3,5-dihydroxymethyl-1,2,4-triazole, which further enriched the way of Gemini Surfactant synthesis. |
Uphando kwi-gemini surfacants e-China yaqala kade; Ngo-1999, uJanxi Zhao kwiYunivesithi yeFuzhou wenza uphononongo lophando lwangaphandle kwi-gemini susfacation kwaye batsalele ingqalelo kumaziko amaninzi ophando eTshayina. Emva koko, uphando kwi-gemini surfacants e-China yaqalisa ukuchuma kwaye iphumelele iziphumo ezineziqhamo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaphandi bazinikela ekuphuhlisweni kwe-gemini ye-gemiccapes entsha kunye nokufunda kweepropathi zabo ezinxulumene nezamamela. Kwangelo xesha, ukusetyenziswa kwe-gemini susfacations kuqulunqwa ngokuthe ngcembe kumacandelo okubulala intsholongwane kunye nemveliso yokutya, ukukhulula ukutya, ukukhululwa kweziyobisi kunye nokucoca iziyobisi. Ngokusekwe ekubeni amaqela e-hydrophilic kwiimolekyuli ze-surfadent ahlawuliswa okanye hayi kwaye uhlobo lwentlawulo abayiphetheyo, i-gemini surfaccapes inokwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwa: Phakathi kwazo, i-cemic gemickisunts ngokubanzi ibhekisa kwi-Ammonium okanye kwi-Ammonium Sute Surfaciants, i-phosphate gemicking ye-gemin, ngelixa i-gemini ye-gemic ye-Polyoxyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyents.
1.1 Cemic geminic surfacapes
Cationic Gemini Surfactants can dissociate cations in aqueous solutions, mainly ammonium and quaternary ammonium salt Gemini Surfactants. I-CIOTIC GEIPINIARDUSS inolwazi oluhle, ubuchule obunamandla bokubekwa, ubutyebi obuzinzileyo, ubuso obulula, kwaye bube neendawo ezilula, kwaye zinezinto ezilula, kwaye zineepropathi ze-bactericidal, i-anticorrosions kunye nokuthamba.
I-gemindory ammonium ye-gemium ye-gemim ye-gemim ilungisiwe ngokubanzi kwi-temines ephezulu yi-alkyting. Zimbini iindlela eziphambili zokwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: I-ONYE kukuzifumana i-Alkanes engafakwanga i-Alkanes engafakwanga kunye ne-Alkyl ye-Alkyl ye-Alkyl ye-Alkyl Demyyl Enye into kukuyila i-1-i-Bromo-Piin Alkanes i-Alkanes kunye no-N, N, N, ', N'-Tetramethyl Alkyl Alkyl Alkyltha kunye ne-SOLDUX. Nangona kunjalo, i-Alkanes engafakwanga i-hibromo engafakwanga indleko imbi kakhulu kwaye idla ngokubanjwa yindlela yesibini, kwaye u-Equation uboniswa kuMfanekiso 2.
1.2 I-ANion gemic surfacants
I-ANion gemini ye-gemicgements inokuziqhelanisa neefonoko kwisisombululo esinamandla, ubukhulu becala, iityuwa zesalfuse, ii-carbots, i-carbots, i-phosphate ye-josisphate ye-gemini subts. I-ANAINSPUSTARS ineepropathi ezingcono ezinje ngododotyhewu, ukusasaza, ukusasazeka, ukusasazeka kunye nokumanzi, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengeeargents, iiarhente ezimanzi, i-enulsiber kunye nabasasazi.
1.2.1 I-Sulfondates
I-biosurflourFegar esekwe kwi-Sulfonate ineengenelo zokuzonwabisa kwamanzi, i-gody elungileyo, ubushushu bemichiza, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye isetyenziswa ngamandla, kwaye isebenza ngamandla, kunye neendleko ezilula. I-li et al synthers uthotho lwe-Daykyl Stulfoni stulfoni surfacyation (2cn-sct), i-Trichn-Sct), i-Tripploramine ye-sulfomac i-sullic, i-Aliiph kunye ne-Aline yeZinto eziPhakamileyo.
1.2.2 I-SULTS STATES
I-Sulfate ye-Service Stert Turtst i-surfacints ineengenelo zoxinzelelo lomphezulu we-Ultra-on, umsebenzi ophezulu, isolula samanzi, umthombo obanzi wezinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nesynthesi elula. Ikwanayo nendlela elungileyo yokuhlamba kunye nokukwazi kwengqondo, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kumanzi anzima, kwaye iityuwa ze-selfate ezingathathi hlangothi okanye kancinci i-alkaline kwisisombululo esinamandla. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-3, i-Dance Dong Et Al isetyenziswe i-Lauric Acid kunye ne-Polythyylene Glyotions njengeyona nto iphambili i-Sterfate Teachel, ngenxa yoko iqokelele i-SELFEATE CORTE CREFEATENCE-TREATEATES-12.
1.2.3 I-carboxyyylic acid i-starts
I-Carbox-isekwe kwi-gemini ye-geminis idla ngokuhlutha, iluhlaza, ngokulula i-biode idrafti, i-bieames ye-bieap eqinileyo, isetyenziswa kakhulu i-Calciow Sport, i-Calcial Sports, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiikhemithi. Ukuqaliswa kwamaqela e-Amide kwi-biosurfourlate-esekwe kwi-biosurflounts kunokuphucula iimolekruers zemolekyuli ze-sundoecy kunye nokwenza ukuba babe nokumanzi, ukwahlula-hlula, ukusasazeka kunye neepropathi zokusasaza. I-Mei Et Al i-Al synthethed i-Barforbac esekwe kwi-CGS-2 enamaqela e-amide usebenzisa i-dodecylamine, i-dibcromoethane kunye ne-succinic anhydride njengezinto eziluhlaza.
1.2.4 iityuwa zephosphate
I-phosphate ye-phosphate ye-gemimini i-gemini surmication inesakhiwo esifanayo kwi-phospholipids yendalo kwaye uqhekene ukwenza izakhiwo ezinje ngee-miels zibuyisela umva kunye nee-velisicles. I-phosphate ye-phosphate ye-josphate yohlobo lwe-gemini surming isetyenziswe ngokubanzi njengeemeko ze-antistatiki, ngelixa iipropathi zawo eziphezulu, ngelixa iipropathi zawo eziphezulu, ngelixa i-eltisory yazo ephezulu kunye nokucaphukiswa okuphantsi kukhokelele ekusebenziseni kwabo ulusu. Ezinye zee-phosphate ezikhoyo zinokuba yi-anticinor, i-antitomior kunye ne-antickisictery, kwaye amachiza amaninzi sele ephuhlisiwe. I-phosphate ye-phosphate ye-josfate ye-biosurflounts inepropathi ephakamileyo ye-elssisotion ye-elssisotion ye-pesticides kwaye ingasetyenziswa kuphela njengeyona nto incinci kunye nembuyekezo kodwa injengokubulala i-abbicides. Zheng et al funisa i-synthesis ye-phontpathis ye-gemin ye-gemini surfactive ukusuka kwi-P2OOLS DOOLS, i-oritameric esekwe kwi-Oligge-Quols, enemilinganiselo elungileyo ye-Avistatic, kunye nenkqubo elula ye-synthesic eneemeko zokwenzakala. Ifomula yemolekyula ye-potassium phosphate ye-phosphate i-surynic surfacnt iboniswe kumzobo 4.
1.3 Un-Ionic gemic surfacapes
I-Noinic gemini surfacints ayinakuze ixatyiswe kwisisombululo esibonakalayo kwaye ikhona kwifomathi yemolekyuli. Olu hlobo lohlobo lwe-barynic luye lwafundwanga kangako ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwaye zimbini iintlobo, enye iswekile kwaye enye ityhutyha iswekile kunye ne-phenol ekrway. I-Noinic gemini i-gemicapes ayikho kwi-Ionic State kwisisombululo, ngoko ke banokuzinzo okuphezulu, abachaphazelekanga ngokulula ngenxa yezinye iintlobo ze-surfcants, kwaye zinomelele. Ke ngoko, i-Invicking yosulelo ineempawu ezahlukeneyo ezinjengokuvuselela, ukusasazeka, ukungcungcutheka, ukungcungcutheka, impahla ye-antist, kwaye inokuthi isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kunye nengubo. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 5, ngo-2004, uFitzgerald et al synthes of Polyntheedyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyentyyyyyyyyyyyyyt of gemini surfackents (i-One-2H2n-3) 2 (okanye iGemnem).
I-02 ye-procicochemical ye-gemini surfacapes
2.1 Umsebenzi we-gemini surfacapes
Indlela elula kwaye ethe ngqo ngqo yokuvavanya umsebenzi womphezulu we-surfcants kukulinganisa uxinzelelo lomhlaba kwizisombululo zabo zezoqoqosho. Ngokomgaqo, i-surfcapes inciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu wesisombululo kwilungiselelo eliqinisekileyo kumphezulu (umda) inqwelomoya (c)). Ingcali ye-Mielle eNgcono (CMC) ye-gemini surfactives ingaphezulu kwee-odolo ezimbini zobukhulu ezincinci kwaye ixabiso le-C20 liphantsi xa lithelekiswa nezakhiwo ezifanayo. I-therynic sulecuent molecule inoxanduva lwee-hydrophilic ezimbini ezincedayo ukuba ihlale iluncedo kumanzi afanelekileyo ngelixa unee-hydrophobic ezinde. Kwindawo yamanzi / i-moya, i-surpicals eqhelekileyo icwangciswe ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yefuthe lokungaxhathisi sendawo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwexabiso lezimali ezinqabileyo kwiimolekyuli, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa amandla abo okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi. Ngokwahlukileyo, amaqela okudibanisa i-gemini susfacants axhaphake kakhulu ukuze umgama phakathi kwamaqela amabini e-hydrophilic agcinwa ngaphakathi kwe-surfdical ye-surfacity ye-gemini surfacapes kumphezulu (umda).
2.2 Ubume beNdibano ye-Gemini surfacapes
Kwizisombululo ezikhutshelweyo, njengoko uxinzelelo lwe-surynic longezwe, iimolekyuli zayo zixhasa umphezulu wesisombululo, nto leyo ethi inyanzelise ezinye iimolekyuli ezifudukele ngaphakathi kwesisombululo. Uxinzelelo apho i-nurefagent iqala ukwenza uMilles ubizwa ngokuba yi-Millele Centrations (CMC). Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 9, emva kokuba uxinzelelo lungaphezulu kwe-CMC, ngokungafaniyo ne-surgrecanties ebonisa uMielleles, e-Geminali surfacapes ivelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeMielhologies, ezinjengeempawu zawo zendlela. Umahluko kwisayizi ye-milkele, imilo kunye nokuntywila kunefuthe ngokuthe ngqo kwiSigaba sokuziphatha kunye neepropathi ze-RIOLIOTIONS yesisombululo, kwaye ukhokele kutshintsho kwi-vickaelity yesisombululo. I-surfcanticants eqhelekileyo, ezinjengee-Aionspacations (SDS), ihlala ibumba uMilinel Wiker, ongenasiphumo kwi-viscosity yesisombululo. Nangona kunjalo, ulwakhiwo olukhethekileyo lwe-gemimini sundodicaments lukhokelela ekusekweni kwe-mielle morphology kunye neepropathi zezisombululo zabo ze-ACOORTISTARTER kwi-ofisi eqhelekileyo. I-viscosity yezisombululo ezikhutshelwe i-gemini susfactions yonyuka ngokukhulisa uxinzelelo lwe-gemini surfacints, mhlawumbi ngenxa yendlela eyenziwe ngemigca ye-gemines kwimo yewebhu. Nangona kunjalo, uVekyusi wesisombululo uyancipha ngokukhula koxinaniso, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kolwakhiwo lwewebhu kunye nokusekwa kwezinye izinto ze-millen.
I-03 i-antimicrobial yepropathi ye-gemini surfacapes
Njengohlobo lwearhente ye-organisic, indlela yokuhlambela ye-surynic surfadent ikakhulu idibanisa ii-proterins zomhlaba we-roproornisry okanye isokola i-probyddyl ye-microorganis.
3.1 Iipropathi ze-antimicrobial ze-antion gemic surfaction
Iipropathi ze-antimobial ze-antimicrobial surfacial zimiselwa ikakhulu ngohlobo lwezinto ezihlafunayo. Kwizisombululo ze-colloidal ezifana ne-latexes yendalo kunye neengubo, amakhonkco e-hydrophilic ibophelele ekusasazeni amanzi nge-hydrophoblic, ngaloo ndlela iguqula unxibelelwano lwesibini kwifilimu ye-moleculacial. Amaqela e-Bacterialtory malunga nale ndawo yokukhusela intsholongwane ethintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane.
Indlela yokunikwa kweBacterial Inqunution ye-ANAIONIC ye-ANAIONIC ixhaswe ngokusisiseko kwi-curicic surfacints. Isithintelo se-bacrateral suenic sihlobene nenkqubo yabo yeSisombululo kunye namaqela oNyulo, ke olu hlobo losulelo lunokulinganiselwa. Olu hlobo lovavanyo kufuneka lubekho kumanqanaba aloneleyo ukuze i-surfacnt ikhoyo kwikona nganye yenkqubo yokuvelisa isiphumo se microbicidal elungileyo. Kwangelo xesha, olu hlobo lohlobo lwe-surfacent olungapheliyo lwasekhaya kunye nokujolisa, nto leyo engenakubangela ukuba inkunkuma engeyomfuneko, kodwa ikwadala ukumelana nexesha elide.
Umzekelo, i-alkyl sulfondate-esekwe kwi-biosurfrounts isetyenziswe kunyango lweklinikhi. I-Alkyl Sulfonates, enje ngebhasi yaseTormalfan, ubukhulu becala baphatha izifo ze-mylopalfivel, isebenza ukuvelisa i-guanine kunye ne-iarurine, ngelixa olu tshintsho alunakulungiswa yi-guanine kunye ne-irestapine, nangona lo msebenzi awunakulungiswa ngokufa kweselula.
3.2 Iipropathi ze-antimicrobial ze-cemic gemic surfacapes
Uhlobo oluphambili lwe-gemic gemic gemic sundorpecients ephuhlise i-Ammonium ye-Ammonium yeTemiam ye-gemini sumini surfacapes. Uhlobo lwe-quandory ammonium ye-gemic gemic gemini ye-suctericidal kuba kukho imixokelelwane ye-Aldrophory ye-Alkane ye-chaanic ye-witdenalic surfades kwi-Hydrophobic ye-Hydrophobic yeWall Kwangelo xesha, banee-nitrogen ezimbini ezihlawuliswayo, eziya kuthi zikhuthaze i-adsormetion yeemolekyuli ze-sucterial, kwaye zingena kwi-complical ye-wipil ye-wipil, iguqukele kwi-computer ye-selgrane, ekhokelela kwi Amaqela e-hydrophilic in protein, ekhokelela ekuphulukaneni nemisebenzi ye-enzyme kunye ne-iproteyini, ngenxa yezi ziphumo zimbini, esenza ukuba umbungu aneziphumo ezinamandla zebactericidal.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga okusingqongileyo, ezi ntshukumo zinomsebenzi wemfuyo kunye ne-cytotocity, kunye nexesha elide kunye nezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-biodegrades inokunyusa ubuncwane babo.
3.3 Iipropathi ze-Antibactric
Okwangoku kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-geminic gemickings, enye i-swerch ekhupha iswekile kwaye enye yotywala i-ether kunye ne-phenol ekrway.
Indlela yokuchasa i-biosurform ye-birsurfrived ye-sursurfrived isekwe kubumbano lweemolekyuli, kunye ne-surf-sub-i-surf-sub-i-surf-sub-i-surfades inokubophelela kwiseli yeseli, equkethe inani elikhulu leephospholipp. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-subrivatives yeswekile ifikelela kwinqanaba elithile, itshintsha ingqumbo ye-membrane yeseli, ebonisa iingxowa ze-ion, echaphazela i-ion yokutshintsha kwezakha-mveliso kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhokelela ekufeni kwentsholongwane.
Indlela yokuchasa izinto ezintle kunye notywala otywala kakhulu. Umzekelo, iziyobisi ze-chiphenial zediphenyl yathi Ikwakhulisa imisebenzi ye-metabolic kunye ne-enzymes ye-enzymes kwi-bacteria, emva koko isilele.
3.4 Iipropathi ze-antibacteriteriticitial ye-Amphoteric geminic surfaction
I-Amphoteric Gemini yeGemini ye-geminic yeklasi ye-surfcapecants enazo zombini iisakhiwo kunye nee-afanis kwimo yazo yemolekyuli, kwaye ibonise ipropathi ye-anaion ye-anaic suby kunye nemeko ye-curium sub. Indlela yokunikwa kweBacteria ye-AmpPhotection ye-AmpPhoteric ayifani, kodwa ikholelwa ekubeni isithintelo sinokufaniswa nomphezulu we-bacterium kwaye iphazamise i-bacterial metabolism.
3.4.1 Iipropathi ze-antimicrobial ze-Amino Acid Gemidiation
Uhlobo lwe-Amino Acid Tearic PuntFenthest yi-amphoteric affonic surfadent equlunqwe ngee-amino ze-amino acid, ngoko ke indlela yayo yokunyibilikisa ifana kakhulu nohlobo lwe-chaandoric surfackent. Inxalenye entle ye-surfacnt inomdla kwinxalenye ebizelwe ngokungafanelekanga yomgangatho wentsholongwane okanye intsholongwane ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwentsholongwane, kwaye emva koko imixokelelwane ye-hydrophobic ibophelele kwi-ipid yomxholo kunye ne-lysis de kufe. Inezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kwi-Ammonium-esekwe kwi-geminium esekwe kwi-Geminium-esekwe kwi-biodegradiance: Umsebenzi olula, kunye netyhefu esezantsi, kunye netyhefu ephantsi, ngoko ke iphuhliswa isicelo sayo kunye nentsimi yayo iyandiswa.
3.4.2 Iipropathi ze-anibacteriteriticition yohlobo lwe-amino acid yohlobo lwe-gemini surfacints
Uhlobo lwe-Amino Alino Acid Amphoteric geminic suiminis ineentsalela ezisebenzayo zemolekyuli eziqukethe zombini iindawo ezingekhoyo kunye namaziko amabi. Owona mbhalo ophambili we-Amino Acid gemidi the gemini surfacapes yi-beinee, i-iIDDelisoline, kunye ne-amine oxide. Uhlobo lwebherenete njengomzekelo, uhlobo lwe-Amphoine-Cefle-surfaces lunamaqela abo aaionic kunye ne-cuimobic kwizisombululo ze-wimicic gemic ilandelwa kwizisombululo ze-acidic ilandelwa kwi-Alkaline Izisombululo. Ikwanentsebenzo egqwesileyo egqwesileyo kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-surfacants.
Isiphelo kunye ne-Outlook
I-Gemimini i-gemini ye-gemication isetyenziswa ebomini ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo esikhethekileyo, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwicandelo le-antibaccris, ukuveliswa kokutya, ukukhululwa kweziyobisi kunye nokucoca i-foam kunye nokucoca iziyobisi. Ngemfuno eyandayo yokukhuselwa kwendawo esisingqongileyo, i-gemini surfacapes ngokuthe ngcembe iphuhliswa ibe yindawo yokusingqongileyo kunye ne-sundocaltal. Uphando lwexesha elizayo kwi-gemini surfacants lunokwenziwa kule miba ilandelayo: Ukuphuhlisa i-gemini ye-gemicapes entsha kunye nemisebenzi ekhethekileyo kunye nemisebenzi ekomelezeni uphando malunga ne-antiballi; ukudibanisa kunye ne-surfciants eqhelekileyo okanye i-songertimes ukwenza iimveliso ezisebenza kakuhle; kwaye usebenzisa izixhobo ezixabiso eliphantsi kwaye zifumaneka ngokulula izixhobo ezingafunekiyo zokuqesha ngokusingqongileyo i-gemini surfacints.
Ixesha lasemva: Mar-25 ukuya ku-522