Ngokubanzi, isigaba esinye se-emulsion ngamanzi okanye isisombululo esiyi-AICTE, esibizwa ngokuba sisigaba se-ATIOOOOOOM Elinye inqanaba sisigaba sezinto eziphilayo esiguqukayo ngamanzi, esaziwa ngokuba sisigaba seoyile.

1, ukwahlulahlula

Iindlela ezintathu zokuhlelwa:

1. Ihlelwe ngumthombo: iimveliso zendalo kunye neemveliso zezokwenziwa;

I-2. Ihlelwe sisisindo se-molecular: isimo semolekyuli esiphantsi semolekyuli (c10-c20) kunye nemolekyuli ephezulu yemolekyuli (amawaka);

3. Ngokwe-ibani na isisombululo esinamandla, inokwahlulwa yanguhlobo lwe-Ionic (ii-aion, iiketi, kunye nee-afaniy kunye nohlobo lwe-ionic) kunye nohlobo lwe-ionic.

Le yeyona ndlela isetyenziswayo isetyenziswayo.

 

2, Umsebenzi kunye nomgaqo we-enulsifiers

Umsebenzi ophambili we-eUlsisiers kukunciphisa uxinzelelo lomhlaba ezimbini zotywala ezimbini zigwetywe. Ke ngoko, xa i-tionsficapes isetyenziswa njenge-enulsifiers, isiphelo esinye seqela labo le-hydrophobic i-adsorbs kumphezulu wamasuntswana angenayo (njengeoyile), ngelixa iqela le-hydrophilic lidlulele emanzini. I-surfcapes icwangciswe ngokulandelelana kwamasuntswana amanqamlezo ukwenza ifilimu ye-hydrophilic (ifilimu engenamkhethe), ukuze inciphise impikiswano phakathi kwezigaba ezibini, kwaye ikhuphe ukusasazeka komhlaba ukwenza i-eulssions.

Ukuxinana kwe-surfacnt unefuthe ngqo kumandla eMaskirical Por Kial. Ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu, zininzi iimolekyuli ezininzi ezivunyelwe kwi-interface, zenza imaski emnyama kunye eyomeleleyo yobungakanani.

I-EMULSIESER eyahlukileyo ineziphumo ezahlukeneyo ze-eulshation, kunye nemali efunekayo yokufezekisa impembelelo ye-eultimotion efanelekileyo iyahluka. Ngokubanzi, kokukhona umkhosi we-moleular of Inulsisine owenza imaski yobuso, iphakamisa amandla eefilimu, kunye nokuzinza okuzinzileyo; Ngokuchasene noko, incinci yamandla, ihla iphantsi amandla kwifilimu, kunye neyona nto ingazinzanga ngakumbi.

Xa kukho iimolekyuli ze-polar ezifana notywala obuthambileyo, amanqatha acid kunye namafutha athambileyo kwimaski yobuso, amandla e-memrane iphuculwe kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuba iimolekyuli ze-Emoulsifier zinxibelelana neemolekyuli zeporlar ezifana notywala, i-acid kunye ne-amine kwi-adsorm ye-adsorction ye-adsorction ukwenza imaski yemassical yobume bobume bomdibaniso.

I-emulsifier edityaniswe ngaphezulu kwe-surfacants ezimbini yi-e-mulsifier exutywe. Ngenxa yokusebenzisana okuqinileyo phakathi kweemolekyuli, imbambano engenamsebenzi incitshisiwe kakhulu, inani le-eUlsifier adred kwi-inction inyuke kakhulu, kwaye ukuxinana namandla obuntu obuhlanganisiweyo anyukayo.

Ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-emulsion, impikiswano phakathi kwe-oyile kunye namanzi kuncitshiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-surfacants, kwaye iba yi-emulsion efanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho uxinzelelo lwamanzi e-oyile kwi-emulsion engakwazi ukufikelela kwi-zero ngenxa ye-CMC okanye i-Solbability Tort. Ke ngoko, i-lotion yinkqubo engazinzanga ye-thermodynamic.

Ingxinano phakathi kwe-oyile kunye namanzi e-Emoulsion encinci iphantsi kangangokuba ayinakulinganiswa. Yinkqubo yezinzile ye-thermodynamic. Oku kufezekiswa ikakhulu ngokongeza uhlobo lwesibini lohlobo lwesibini kunye neepropathi ezahlukeneyo (ezinjengeedrafti ezikwi-pentanol, i-hextanol, enokunciphisa imilinganiselo ye-suctacan, nokuba ikhokelela kumaxabiso amancinci kakhulu. Oku kungachazwa ngu-Gibbs Adsorction ovsption weenkqubo zemigangatho emininzi.

 

I-3, Chwetheza i-emulsion

Uhlobo

I-emulsion eqhelekileyo, iSigaba esinye isigaba okanye isisombululo esinamanzi, kwaye enye into ye-organic ethuswe ngamanzi, njengegrisi, i-oyile inokwenziwa ngeentlobo ezintathu:

(a) ioyile kuhlobo lwamanzi (o'w)
(e) ubisi oluhlanganisiweyo (w / o / w)
(b) ioyile kuhlobo lwamanzi (w / o)

(1) Ioyile / amanzi (0 / w) i-emulsion, ioyile ikhutshelwe emanzini. Ioyile sisigaba esisasaziweyo (iSigaba Sangaphakathi), kwaye amanzi linqanaba eliqhubekayo (iSigaba saNgaphandle) ioyile kwi-Emilesion yamanzi, enokuchithwa ngamanzi. Ezinje ngobisi, ubisi lwesoya, njl.

(2) Amanzi / ioyile (W / 0) I-emulsion, amanzi okusasazwa kweoyile. Amanzi sisigaba esisasazekileyo (isigaba sangaphakathi) kunye neoyile sisigaba esiqhubekayo (isigaba sangaphandle) samanzi kwi-emulsion yeoyile. Olu hlobo lwe-emulsion lunokuchithwa ngeoyile. Njengebhotolo yokufakelwa, ioyile etyhefu, njl.

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Indlela yokujonga uhlobo lwe-EMALSION

(1) Indlela yokuhamba

Hlamba i-emulsion ngolwelo olufanayo njengenqanaba eliqhubekayo. I-emulsion yenyibilikisi yamanzi yioyile / uhlobo lwamanzi, kunye ne-emulsion yeoyile yi-oyile / uhlobo lweoyile.
Umzekelo, ubisi lunokuchithwa ngamanzi, kodwa alunakuchazwa ngeoyile yemifuno. Ingabonwa ukuba ubisi yi-O / Wulsion.

(2) Indlela yokuqhuba

Ukucokiswa kwamanzi kunye neoyile kuyahluka kakhulu, kwaye ukuqhubela kwe-oyile / amanzi emulsion ngamaxesha amaxesha amakhulu kunalowo wamanzi / ioyile. Ke ngoko, i-electros ezimbini zifakwe kwi-emulsion kunye ne-neon iqhagamshelwe kuchungechungelo kwilog, kwaye i-oyile / ukukhanya kwamanzi kuqhubeke.

(3) Indlela yokujonga

Yongeza i-2-3 ihla kwi-DYEs esekwe kwi-oyile okanye esekwe emanzini kwityhubhu yovavanyo, kwaye igwebe uhlobo lwe-eUlsion ngokwendlela yedayi enokwenza ibala lenqanaba eliqhubekayo.

(4) Indlela yokucoca i-filters

Yehla i-lotion kwiphepha lokucoca. Ukuba ulwelo lunokwandisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ihla elincinci lishiywe embindini, i-lotion yioyile emanzini; Ukuba i-lotion ihla musa ukwanda, ioyile kuhlobo lwamanzi.

(5) Indlela yokuphuma engapheliyo

Isalathiso esahlukileyo sokwakhiwa kwamanzi kunye neoyile yokukhanya isetyenziselwa ukubonisa uhlobo lwe-emulsion. Ukuba i-emulsion yioyile emanzini, amasuntsu adlala indima yokuqokelela ukukhanya, kwaye kuphela umveli wasekhohlo wamasuntswana anokubonwa ngemicroscope; Ukuba i-emulsion ngamanzi kwioyile, amasuntswana adlala indima ye-atistmatism, kwaye kuphela i-chalinemu elungileyo yamasuntswana inokubonwa ngemakroskopu;

Ezona zinto ziphambili ezichaphazela uhlobo lwe-emulsion

(1) Ithamsa yeSigaba:

Ithiyori yePolsothi yeSigaba icetyiwe nge-0STwald kwimbono yejometri. Imbono yeyokuba icinga ukuba i-lotion yolwelo ye-lotion ilingana ne-PHEID APRERS, iqhekeza lomqulu yenqanaba le-idys linokuphendula kuphela i-74.02% yevolumu yonke xa igqitha kakhulu. Ukuba inani lenqanaba lenqanaba le-Ulwelo lingaphezulu kwe-74.02%, i-lotion iya kutshitshiswa okanye yonakele.

(a) I-iyunifomu iphosa i-pile yesityebi se-pile
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Thatha i-o / w yohlobo lomzekelo njengomzekelo, ukuba inani le-oyile lingaphezulu kwe-74.02%, i-Emulsion inokuthi ibe yi-25.98%, kwaye xa iqhezu lingaphantsi kwe-25.94%, inokwenzeka.

 

Ubume bemolekyuli kunye neepropathi ze-enulsiberiers-quartuor

Ithiyori ye-Wedge isekwe kwisakhiwo sendawo ye-EMulsifuse ukumisela uhlobo lwe-emulsion. Ithiyori ye-Wedge ibonisa ukuba iindawo ezinqamlezileyo zecandelo le-hydrophilic kunye namaqela e-hydrophobic kwi-Emoulsifus azilingani. Iimolekyuli ze-enulsifuer zijongwa njengemidlalo, kunye nesiphelo esinye sikhulu kwaye esinye sincinci. Isiphelo esincinci se-emulsifier sinokufakwa kumphezulu we-roplet njengomtshato kwaye icwangciswe ngendlela ekhokelwa kwimozulu kwi-oyile. Isiphelo se-hydrophilic shelar suple idlulela kwisigaba se-aquel, ngelixa i-chain ye-hydrocarbon ye-hydrocarbon idlulela kwisigaba seoyile, sikhokelela kumandla obuzi.

 

Impembelelo ye-Emoulsisifiers kwi-Emoulsion Chwethe

Ukongeza kwimpembelelo yezinto ezinje ngezixhobo zokwenziwa kwezinto kunye nemibandela ye-emulsion, iimeko zangaphandle zinefuthe kuhlobo lwe-emulsion. Umzekelo, uhlobo lwe-hydrophilic kunye ne-lipophilic yodonga oluvela kudonga lomelele, kwaye o / o / i-Ekulsion kulula ukuba udonga lwe-Emalsion luye lomelele, ngelixa i-Emaphilic ilula ukuba lume khona. Isizathu kukuba ulwelo lufuna ukugcina isigaba esiqhubekayo eludongeni, ukuze kungalula ukuba ichithwe ibe ziindawo ezingamanzi xa ivuselela. Iglasi yi-hydrophilic ngelixa iplasitiki i-hydrophobic, ke eyayisakuba yi-fone yokwenza i-O / ye-Wulsoons ngelixa le yokugqibela ithathe i-foulneon ye-W / 0 EMOLSONS.

 

Ithiyori ye-arlocity velocity yezigaba ezibini

Ithiyori yesantya se-coaleescence iqala kwimpembelelo yesantya esimalunga neentlobo ezimbini zamachaphaza athe qengqele iindidi ezimbini zendlela ezimbini zamathontsi xa i-enulsion yezakhankanya xa igubungela imfuno.

 

Ubushushu

Ukonyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kuya kunciphisa inqanaba lomnyhali wamaqela e-hydrophilic, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa i-hydrophilicity yeemolekyuli. Ke ngoko, i-emulsion ye-0 / ye-0 yenzelwa amaqondo obushushu asezantsi anokuguqula ibe yi-w / 0 kwi-0 Eli shishino yokutshintsha yiqondo lobushushu apho iipropathi ze-hydrophilic ze-hydrophilic ze-surfaphic) ifikelela kwindawo efanelekileyo yokulingana, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumgodi wokubetha kwenqanaba lokutshintsha kwenqanaba lokutshintsha.

Nangona kunjalo, xa uxinzelelo lwe-enulsifier lukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba luloyise ifuthe lepropathi emanziyo, uhlobo lwe-Emoulsion luxhomekeke kuphela kubume be-EULDSSIFICOPY KUNYE